Disclosed is a method of preparing fatty acid alkyl ester sulfonate using coffee oil. The fatty acid alkyl ester sulfonate prepared using the coffee-derived oil has superior cleaning capacity compared to commercially available alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). In addition, a detergent composition containing fatty acid alkyl ester sulfonate prepared using coffee-derived oil exhibits cleaning capacity equal to or higher than that of a detergent containing fatty acid alkyl ester sulfonate prepared using palm oil and can be used as an alternative to palm oil.

Disclosed is a method of preparing fatty acid alkyl ester sulfonate using coffee oil. The fatty acid alkyl ester sulfonate prepared using the coffee-derived oil has superior cleaning capacity compared to commercially available alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). In addition, a detergent composition containing fatty acid alkyl ester sulfonate prepared using coffee-derived oil exhibits cleaning capacity equal to or higher than that of a detergent containing fatty acid alkyl ester sulfonate prepared using palm oil and can be used as an alternative to palm oil.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to drilling oil, and to a method of preparing the drilling oil, including converting C16 and/or C18 fatty acids derived from fat of biological origin into C15 and/or C17 olefins through decarbonylation.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to drilling oil, and to a method of preparing the drilling oil, including converting C16 and/or C18 fatty acids derived from fat of biological origin into C15 and/or C17 olefins through decarbonylation.

The present invention relates to a method of making a dough, said method comprises admixing a dough component, a phospholipase A2 enzyme which acts on N-acyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine at the sn2 position, and an enzyme that acts on a polar lipid at the sn1 position. A food enzyme composition comprising: a phospholipase A2 enzyme which is capable of acting on N-acylphosphatidyl ethanolamine at the sn2 position; and an enzyme that acts on a polar lipid at the sn1 position is also taught.

A method for producing a phospholipid-containing composition which includes 10% by weight or more of phosphatidylserine based on the whole phospholipid-containing composition, a content of a polyunsaturated fatty acid being from 10 to 40% by weight based on the total amount of constituent fatty acids, the method including the following steps (1) and (2) in this order, and the following steps (3) and (4) in this order inexpensively and stably supplies a phospholipid-containing composition which includes phosphatidylserine to which a large amount of the polyunsaturated fatty acid is bonded at the 2-position thereof. Step (1): performing an esterification reaction of a polyunsaturated fatty acid with lysophospholipid using phospholipase A2 (PLA2) to obtain phospholipid. Step (2): adjusting an activity of PLA2 in the phospholipid to 10 U/g (phospholipid) or less after the step (1). Step (3): performing a base exchange reaction of a mixture including the phospholipid and serine in the presence of phospholipase D (PLD) to form a phospholipid-containing composition which includes phosphatidylserine. Step (4): separating the composition.

A method for producing a phospholipid-containing composition which includes 10% by weight or more of phosphatidylserine based on the whole phospholipid-containing composition, a content of a polyunsaturated fatty acid being from 10 to 40% by weight based on the total amount of constituent fatty acids, the method including the following steps (1) and (2) in this order, and the following steps (3) and (4) in this order inexpensively and stably supplies a phospholipid-containing composition which includes phosphatidylserine to which a large amount of the polyunsaturated fatty acid is bonded at the 2-position thereof. Step (1): performing an esterification reaction of a polyunsaturated fatty acid with lysophospholipid using phospholipase A2 (PLA2) to obtain phospholipid. Step (2): adjusting an activity of PLA2 in the phospholipid to 10 U/g (phospholipid) or less after the step (1). Step (3): performing a base exchange reaction of a mixture including the phospholipid and serine in the presence of phospholipase D (PLD) to form a phospholipid-containing composition which includes phosphatidylserine. Step (4): separating the composition.

Provided herein are estolide compositions having high oxidative stability, said compositions comprising at least one compound of formula: ##STR00001##
in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R.sub.1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses for the compositions and methods of preparing the same.

Provided herein are estolide compositions having high oxidative stability, said compositions comprising at least one compound of formula: ##STR00001##
in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R.sub.1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses for the compositions and methods of preparing the same.

The invention relates to a composition preparation method for preparing a composition of estolides, the method comprising reacting an unsaturated compound of a type such as an acid or ester, with a saturated fatty acid; in the presence of a catalyst of a type such as sulphonic acid, the said method including no vacuum distillation step thereby making it possible to separate the monoestolides from the polyestolides. The invention also relates to a composition of estolides that is obtainable by the method according to the invention and the use thereof in lubricating compositions.