Provided are a method of cleaning a group III nitride single crystal substrate which enables the roughness of a nitrogen-polar face of the group III nitride single crystal substrate to be suppressed to remove foreign substances, and a method of producing a group III nitride single crystal substrate. The method of cleaning a group III nitride single crystal substrate having a group III element-polar face, and the nitrogen-polar face opposite the group III element-polar face includes: cleaning the nitrogen-polar face with a detergent including a fluoroorganic compound.

Provided are a method of cleaning a group III nitride single crystal substrate which enables the roughness of a nitrogen-polar face of the group III nitride single crystal substrate to be suppressed to remove foreign substances, and a method of producing a group III nitride single crystal substrate. The method of cleaning a group III nitride single crystal substrate having a group III element-polar face, and the nitrogen-polar face opposite the group III element-polar face includes: cleaning the nitrogen-polar face with a detergent including a fluoroorganic compound.

A composition including a compound having structural formula (I): R.sub.f is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1-3 atoms; n is 0-2; x is 1-3; and R.sub.f′ and R.sub.f″ are (i) independently, a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms; or (ii) are bonded together to form a ring structure having 4-8 carbon atoms. The composition further includes a hydrocarbon contaminant.

A cleaning liquid for excessive powder removal is provided. The cleaning liquid includes a hydrocarbon solvent having an octanol/water partition coefficient (log P.sub.ow value) of 4.5 or more. The cleaning liquid is to remove excessive powder for molding adhering to a solidified object molded using the powder for molding.

Use as a decalcifying and descaling remover of a composition comprising: a) a first solvent selected from: optionally associated with a second solvent b) selected from at least a lower alcohol, water or mixtures thereof, wherein a1) a eutectic solvent consisting of a hydrogen bond acceptor and of a hydrogen bond donor, a2) an ionic liquid or a3) a mixture of said eutectic solvent and said ionic liquid; in the first eutectic solvent a1) the hydrogen bond acceptor and the hydrogen bond donor are halogen-free.

Disclosed herein are a solvent composition and methods of using the solvent composition. The solvent composition includes at least 80 wt. % of trans-1,2-dichloroetheylene (t-DCE), and 0.1 to 20 wt. % of at least one organic compound. The organic compound may be a hydrocarbon and/or an oxygenated solvent. The solvent composition may be used to clean a surface by contacting the surface with the composition to dissolve a contaminant on the surface. The composition may be used to remove a coating from a surface of a substrate by contacting the surface with the solvent composition to dissolve the coating and removing the composition containing the coating from the surface. The composition may also be used to deposit material on a substrate by dissolving the material in the solvent composition, applying the composition containing the material onto the substrate, and evaporating the composition from the substrate.

Disclosed herein are a solvent composition and methods of using the solvent composition. The solvent composition includes at least 80 wt. % of trans-1,2-dichloroetheylene (t-DCE), and 0.1 to 20 wt. % of at least one organic compound. The organic compound may be a hydrocarbon and/or an oxygenated solvent. The solvent composition may be used to clean a surface by contacting the surface with the composition to dissolve a contaminant on the surface. The composition may be used to remove a coating from a surface of a substrate by contacting the surface with the solvent composition to dissolve the coating and removing the composition containing the coating from the surface. The composition may also be used to deposit material on a substrate by dissolving the material in the solvent composition, applying the composition containing the material onto the substrate, and evaporating the composition from the substrate.

Novel materials and devices can remove small defects from long rolls of flexible electronics material while they are in continuous motion. The cleaning materials are designed to remove small particles without transferring defects or damaging the flexible electronics. The device generally consists of variable speed, motor-driven cylinders mounted on moveable brackets. The cylinders are capable of matching the speed of the cleaning material such that the cleaning material is always in contact with the web roll to be cleaned. The brackets are capable of rotating so the same material can be used more than once. Another material is used to remove debris from the cleaning material. A similar device consisting of motor-driven cylinders and moveable is used to apply the debris removal film to the cleaning film, allowing the cleaning film to be used multiple times.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a formulation comprising an alkali metal salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal bicarbonate salts, alkali metal carbonate salts, alkali metal sesquicarbonate salts and combinations thereof, wherein said process comprises the step of extruding a paste-like composition comprising a functionalizing agent and the metal salt. The invention furthermore relates to a formulation obtainable from said process and to the use of this formulation in various applications such as in plastic foaming or in food and feed leavening compositions.

The testing of various chemicals has yielded new chemicals and chemical mixtures for the use of removing carbon deposits from the internal combustion engine. Some of these chemicals and chemical mixtures have proven to work better across many different carbon types than other chemicals that were tested. These chemical terpenes are typically produced from plants. One standard terpene mixture is known as turpentine. The chemical turpentine and chemicals found in turpentine have been determined, through our research and testing, to be extremely effective at removing the carbon that is produced within the internal combustion engine.