A process for oxidising a substrate selected from hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), diformylfuran (DFF), hydroxymethylfurancarboxylic acid (HMFCA) and formylfurancarboxylic acid (FFCA). Said process comprises mixing said substrate with catalase, one or more further enzymes and hydrogen peroxide to form a reaction mixture. Said one or more further enzymes have the ability to catalyse oxidation of said substrate. Said hydrogen peroxide is provided at a total molar ratio of at least about 0.1:1 hydrogen peroxide to substrate.

A fermenter can have at least one hollow fluid conduit disposed at least partially within a vessel. An external circumference of the hollow fluid conduit and an interior circumference of the vessel can define a downward flow path through which a multi-phase mixture including a liquid media and compressed gas substrate bubbles flows. An interior circumference of the hollow fluid conduit can defined an upward flow path which is in fluid communication with the downward flow path. The multi-phase liquid can flow through the upward flow path and exit the fermenter. Cooling may be provided in the hollow fluid conduit or the vessel. One or more backpressor generators can be used to maintain a backpressure on the fermenter. One or more fluid movers can be used to variously create an induced and/or forced flow in the downward and upward flow paths.

A culture vessel that can suppress foaming in a culture medium when a common nozzle is used to supply a liquid culture medium and a gas together. This culture vessel includes: a vessel body having an opening portion that communicates with a housing space; a lid that closes the opening portion; and a nozzle that passes through the and extends to the housing space, and supplies a liquid culture medium and a gas together. The nozzle has a vent opening portion that is formed so as to open in a side of the nozzle and serves as a movement path of the gas from inside of the nozzle into the housing space.

The present invention relates to the field of fermentation. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for production of products by use of living cells or active components derived from such cells using a bioreactor having a built in gas distributor and a specific system/device for handling foam formed in the process. The invention also relates to a bioreactor comprising: a reaction chamber having a fermentation zone and a foam settling zone, wherein the reaction chamber is arranged such that the foam settling zone is spaced from or physically separated from the fermentation zone so as to reduce the effect of activity in the fermentation zone on foam in the settling zone. The separation of the fermentation zone from the activity of the fermentation zone encourages settling of the foam. The invention also provides a method of forming a bioreactor comprising: overlapping two flat, flexible sheets of material; and causing said two sheets to adhere to each other in selected areas so as to define a reaction chamber. This is a particularly cost-effective way to produce a single use, disposable reactor.

An apparatus and method for the delivery and deposition of particles air-liquid-interface (ALI) cell cultures includes a sample inlet coupled to a growth tube having interior walls that are wet. The growth tube is configured to operate at a first temperature along a first length of the tube and a second temperature along a second length positioned between the first length and a growth tube outlet. The apparatus also includes a nozzle plate having a plurality of nozzles. The exposure chamber adapted to hold cell cultures at an air-liquid interface positioned underneath the plurality of nozzles and a temperature regulator adapted to control a temperature of the exposure chamber. The apparatus also includes a controller including instructions operable to cause the controller to maintain a relative humidity within the exposure chamber by controlling at least the second temperature of the growth tube and the temperature of the exposure chamber.

The invention provides a structured cell growth matrix or assembly comprising a one or more spacer layers and one or more cell immobilization layers. The invention further provides a bioreactor comprising said matrix or assembly.

Embodiments of a modular tubular bioreactor system for culturing an aqueous culture of microorganisms are described herein. The tubular bioreactor may comprise culture tubes configured in a vertically spaced and horizontally staggered arrangement to optimize the application of light to the culture in phototrophic and mixotrophic cultivation.

The present disclosure provides a reagent cartridge configured for use in an automated multi-module cell processing environment.

A biocompatible composite element for a bioreactor is provided that includes an outer frame and an inner component. The outer frame is a polymeric material. The outer frame can be inseparably attached to a wall of the bioreactor. The inner component is a transparent material selected from a group consisting of glass, sapphire, and glass ceramic. The inner component is secured in the outer component in an inseparable hermetically tight manner. The inner component is configured for a spectral process control through the transparent material of the inner component.

An array includes a plurality of tubes disposed in contact with each other such that axial directions are parallel to each other; and a target substance disposed inside at least one of the plurality of tubes, in which the plurality of tubes are made of anionic hydrogel, and surfaces on which the plurality of tubes are in contact with each other are bonded with an adhesive including nanoparticles having surfaces coated with a cationic water-soluble polymer.