A method to increase the production of products of interest in plant material including plant cultures, such as, for example, cell suspension cultures, root cultures, and hairy root cultures is provided. In one embodiment, the method is to contacting the plant material with a precursor or xenobiotic when producing a product of interest from a plant. In another embodiment the plant material is also contacted with a trapping agent. The process may also provide for contacting an elicitor of the product of interest with the plant material. An embodiment provides for contacting an elicitor, precursor and trapping agent with the plant material. The ability to produce novel compounds such as glucosides and glucuronides is provided.

The invention provides: a callus induction method that efficiently induces callus from a tissue fragment from an isoprenoid-producing plant; a callus culture method that efficiently grows callus; a somatic embryo induction method that efficiently forms a somatic embryo; a plant regeneration method that can stably regenerate callus into plants; a plant propagation method that can stably propagate a plant without being affected by e.g. weather and seasons; and a method of inducing rooting in a mature embryo. The present invention relates, inter alia, to a method of plant regeneration that can stably regenerate callus into plants and a method of plant propagation that can stably propagate a plant.

A method of cell culture includes (i) culturing cells in a cell culture medium, and (ii) maintaining at least one metabolite below an inhibitory concentration in the cell culture medium for the at least one metabolite, wherein the at least one metabolite is aconitic acid (AA), leucinic acid (HICA), cytidine monophosphate (CMP), methylsuccinic acid (MSA), trigonelline (TRI), N-acetylputrescinium (NAP), or a combination thereof, and wherein the enzyme comprises ADH5, BCAT1, CAT, GOT1, HADHB, HOGA1, SLC35A1, or a combination thereof.

One aspect of the disclosure is directed to a method for activation/enhancement of cell growth of a plant. The method also stimulates the production of pharmaceutically active metabolites, including alkaloids, in plant cell cultures. The method includes providing a nano-sized material contained agent, and treating the plant with the nano-sized material contained agent to allow sufficient interaction of cells of the plant with the nano-sized material so as to activate/enhance the cell growth of the plant or to stimulate the production of pharmaceutically active metabolites.

A method of improving germination of plant embryos is provided. The method entails treating a culture of plant tissue with a liquid multiplication medium comprising a plant non-metabolizable sugar. Also provided is a multiplication medium for liquid cultures of plant cells comprising isomaltulose.

An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for generating in vitro wood. The method can comprise culturing a plurality of wood forming plant cells; encapsulating the plurality of wood forming plant cells in one or more hydrogels; developing one or more bioinks; and generating structures comprising the one or more bioinks. The one or more bioinks can comprise one or more plant cell culture medium components. In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of wood forming plant cells are cambial meristematic cells, and can include genetically modified plant cells. The one or more bioinks can be configured to be loaded into a bioprinting system, which can generate the structures via an extrusion based method. The generated structures can be incubated to induce wood formation, monitored, and tested for superior material properties.

The present invention provides a production method of a medium composition, including previously removing divalent metal cations contained in a polymer compound having an anionic functional group, preparing a dry powder of the polymer compound, and mixing the dry powder and the medium, and the like. The present invention also provides a purification method of a polymer compound having an anionic functional group, which includes mixing a suspension of the polymer compound having an anionic functional group in water and a cation exchanger that exchanges a divalent metal cation with a monovalent metal cation to give a polymer compound having an anionic functional group, which shows a reduced amount of contaminating divalent metal cations.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for transforming soybean, corn. cotton, or canola explants using spectinomycin as a selective agent for transformation of the explants. The method may further comprise treatment of the explants with cytokinin during the transformation and regeneration process.

Provided is a method for separating and culturing ginseng stem cells, including the steps of: (1) culturing adventitious roots of ginseng by a one-step method; (2) taking root tips of the adventitious roots of ginseng, and dissecting and separating to obtain a stem cell area; (3) isolation and culture: inoculating the stem cell area into a stem cell induction medium for dark culture to obtain stem cell masses; (4) subculture: picking part of the stem cell masses obtained in (3) to be inoculated into a stem cell subculture medium for dark culture; and (5) liquid culture: inoculating stem cells obtained in (4) into a stem cell liquid medium for dark culture to obtain ginseng stem cells.

The current invention reports the use of meta-tyrosine for increasing the specific productivity of a eukaryotic cell that produces/expresses a polypeptide. In the current method it is not necessary to perform a temperature-, osmolality- or pH shift or to add drugs like valproic acid or sodium butyrate to modulate the specific productivity of the cultivated cells. The method does not affect cell viability or product titer.