The present invention relates to excision of explant material comprising meristematic tissue from seeds, and storage of such material prior to subsequent use in plant tissue culture and genetic transformation. Methods for tissue preparation, storage, and transformation are disclosed, as is transformable meristem tissue produced by such methods, and apparati for tissue preparation.

The present invention relates to Nelumbo nucifera callus having an increased content of gallic acid or an extract thereof and to a method for preparing the same. The Nelumbo nucifera callus extract according to the present invention has an excellent whitening effect by containing a large amount of gallic acid, and thus can be advantageously used as a cosmetic composition.

The present invention relates to a method for mass-production of viniferin using stevioside from cell culture of grape tree tissue. Viniferin is known to be effective for protection of liver, anticancer, antioxidant, and skin whitening, have an effect of inhibiting oxidation of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein and inhibiting the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Therefore, the present invention is very useful for the mass production of viniferin among the useful substances (stilbene compounds) from a callus derived from the anther tissue of the grape plant, which is very important for the related industries.

A composite shell particle including a composite shell layer is provided. The composite shell layer is a hollow shell, wherein the composite shell layer includes a porous biological layer and a metallic layer. The porous biological layer is composed of an organic substance including a cell wall or a cell membrane of a bacteria or algae. The metallic layer is crosslinked with the porous biological layer to form the composite shell layer. The metallic layer includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, zirconium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and calcium, and/or includes at least one selected form the group consisting of metal chelates, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal chlorides, metal selenides, metal acid salt compounds, and metal carbonate compounds. A method of manufacturing the composite shell particle, and a biological material including the composite shell particle and the applications thereof are also provided.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for transforming soybean, corn, cotton, or canola explants using spectinomycin as a selective agent for transformation of the explants. The method may further comprise treatment of the explants with cytokinin during the transformation and regeneration process.

A composite shell particle including a composite shell layer is provided. The composite shell layer is a hollow shell, wherein the composite shell layer includes a porous biological layer and a metallic layer. The porous biological layer is composed of an organic substance including a cell wall or a cell membrane of a bacteria or algae. The metallic layer is crosslinked with the porous biological layer to form the composite shell layer. The metallic layer includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, zirconium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and calcium, and/or includes at least one selected form the group consisting of metal chelates, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal chlorides, metal selenides, metal acid salt compounds, and metal carbonate compounds. A method of manufacturing the composite shell particle, and a biological material including the composite shell particle and the applications thereof are also provided.

The present invention relates to excision of explant material comprising meristematic tissue from cotton seeds. Methods for tissue preparation, storage, transformation, and selection or identification of transformed plants are disclosed, as are transformable meristem tissues and plants produced by such methods, and apparati for tissue preparation.

Devices for directionally placing a plant propagule (2) inside a tubular hollow member (3), including a platform element (20) arranged such that a foldable member (1) can be placed thereon; an actuating dispensing arrangement {90a, 90b, 100) for placing a foldable member (1) on the platform element (20); an arrangement (40)/(40a) for placing a plant propagule (2) on a foldable member (1) placed on the platform element (20); optionally, including a way (150) for identifying an imaginary line (9) on the foldable member (1) stretching through the root forming end (7) to the shoot forming end (8) of the propagule (2) being directionally placed during operation; an actuating folding arrangement {30, 80)/(120/80) for folding the foldable member (1) along said imaginary line (9) to form a folded foldable member (la); an actuating dispensing arrangement (180) for providing a tubular hollow member (3) having a first open end (4); and an actuating placing arrangement {30, 80)/(120/80) for placing said folded foldable member (la) into the tubular hollow member (3) through the first open end (4). Related methods for handling plant propagules, in particular somatic plant embryos.

A process for in vitro induction of flowering/in vitro proliferation of floral primordia in saffron crocus (Crocus sativus L.) produces whole flowers with real stigmas. The process produces saffron through a process of in vitro flowering to obtain season independent, continuous flowering of saffron.

A nutrient medium for the cultivation of plants, containing (a) 3 g/l to 18 g/l agar and (b) 0.5 g/l to 3 g/l carrageenan, as well as plant plugs which contain such a nutrient medium, a method for the production of the plant plugs, and a method for the automated or semi-automated cultivation of plants using the plant plugs.