The present disclosure relates to the use of laminin-521 in obtaining retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Pluripotent human embryonic stem cells are cultured on plates coated with recombinant laminin-521 (laminin-11), in totally defined and xeno-free conditions. A first cell culture medium contains a growth factor, and a second cell culture medium does not contain growth factor. The stem cells are first exposed to the first cell culture medium, then exposed to the second cell culture medium for a longer time period. After a number of weeks, clinical grade RPE cells are obtained from the stem cells.

The invention relates to a method and composition for the cultivation, expansion and production of extracellular vesicles, and the preservation and/or pre-treatment of cells, wherein said composition is a medium or media supplement or a solution comprising pterostilbene or the derivatives thereof, and/or a migration inhibitory factor antagonist and optionally a bivalent cation.

Provided are chemical inducers of lineage reprogramming (CiLR) which include glycogen synthase kinase inhibitors, TGF receptor inhibitors, cyclic AMP agonists or histone acetylators. Also provided is a method of inducing lineage reprograming in a partially or completely differentiated cell of a first type into a cell with characteristics of a second and different lineage. The method includes: contacting a cell with the CiLR for a sufficient period of time to result in reprograming the cell into a modified XEN-like cell which is subsequently programmed into a cell with characteristics of a second and different lineage.

The present invention relates to cell culture media supplemented with a plant-produced recombinant mammalian albumin supplement, as well as methods of making the cell culture media, and methods of using the supplemented cell culture media to improve growth characteristics of cultured cells.

A human limbal epithelial stem xenobiotic free cell culture system is provided. The cell culture system typically includes a cell culture media comprising isoproterenol, Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), N2 supplement, hydrocortisone, and an antibiotic. This cell culture media can efficiently propagate undifferentiated LSCs in the absence xenobiotic cells. These systems provide an optimized way to culture LSCs for use in human transplantation (e.g. in patients suffering from limbal stem cell deficiency) by minimizing the risk of cross-contamination and/or reagent toxicity to transplant recipients.

The present invention relates to cell culture media containing combinations of proteins, as well as methods of making the cell culture media, and methods of using the cell culture media to improve growth characteristics of cultured cells.

An aqueous cell culture medium composition includes an aqueous cell culture solution configured to support the culture of mammalian cells. The composition further includes a synthetic polymer conjugated to a polypeptide dissolved in the aqueous cell culture solution. The synthetic polymer conjugated to a polypeptide is configured to attach to the surface of a cell culture article under cell culture conditions. Incubation of the aqueous cell culture medium composition on a cell culture surface under cell culture conditions results is attachment to the surface of the synthetic polymer conjugated to the polypeptide.

The present invention is of methods of establishing and propagating human embryonic stem cell lines using feeder cells-free, xeno-free culture systems and stem cells which are capable of being maintained in an undifferentiated, pluripotent and proliferative state in culture which is free of xeno contaminants and feeder cells.

Methods for generating human arterial endothelial cells under defined conditions in the absence of insulin are described.

The present disclosure relates to the use of laminin-521 in obtaining retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Pluripotent human embryonic stem cells are cultured on plates coated with recombinant laminin-521 (laminin-11), in totally defined and xeno-free conditions. A first cell culture medium contains a growth factor, and a second cell culture medium does not contain growth factor. The stem cells are first exposed to the first cell culture medium, then exposed to the second cell culture medium for a longer time period. After a number of weeks, clinical grade RPE cells are obtained from the stem cells.