Disclosed herein are microorganism and methods that can be used for the synthesis of cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) and cannabinoids. The methods disclosed can be used to produce CBGA, Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabichromenic acid (CBGA), Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), cannabichromevarinic acid (CBCVA), Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC). Enzymes useful for the synthesis of CBGA and cannabinoids, include but are not limited to acyl activating enzyme (AAE1), polyketide synthase (PKS), olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC), prenyltransferase (PT), THCA synthase (THCAS), CBDA synthase (CBDAS), CBC A synthase (CBCAS), HMG-Co reductase (HMG1), and/or famesyl pyrophosphate synthetase (ERG20). The microorganisms can also have one or more genes disrupted, such as gene that that controls beta oxidation of long chain fatty acids.

The present application relates to methods to improve biomass or lipid production in a microorganism from one or more fatty acid and one or more simple carbon co-substrates. Produced lipids may include unsaturated C.sub.6-C.sub.24 fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates which may be useful as final products or precursors to insect pheromones, fragrances, flavors, and polymer intermediates. The application further relates to recombinant microorganisms modified for improved production of biomass or lipid, or improved lipid selectivity. Also provided are methods of producing one or more lipid using the recombinant microorganisms, as well as compositions comprising the recombinant microorganisms and/or optionally one or more of the product lipid.

The invention relates to a genetically modified fungal microorganism for the production of frambinone, the microorganism having the following characteristics: —the capacity to produce frambinone from tyrosine; and —a limited capacity or no capacity to break tyrosine down into tyrosol, p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and/or p-hydroxyphenylacetate; and to the use of same for producing frambinone.

The present invention discloses a bacterium and an obtaining method and application thereof. The bacterium has a property of coproducing 1,3-propanediol and D-lactic acid. Further, the bacterium is Klebsiella oxytoca, including Klebsiella oxytoca PDL-5 CCTCC M 2016185. The obtaining method of the bacterium may be to obtain the bacterium by directly screening wild bacteria that satisfy conditions from the environment or performing gene engineering modification to wild bacteria. The present invention has the advantages that the bacteria can coproduce 1,3-propanediol and D-lactic acid through fermentation, the molar conversion rate and the concentration of the two products are very high, the types of byproducts are few, the concentration is low, the product extraction process is simplified, the high-efficiency biological production of 1,3-propanediol and D-lactic acid can be realized, and the industrial application prospect is very great.

Provided is technology for conferring enhanced tolerance and/or enhancing tolerance to herbicide of a plant and/or algae using amino acid variants of protoporphyrinogen oxidase derived from prokaryotes.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for rapid production of chemicals in genetically engineered microorganisms in a large scale. Also provided herein is a high-throughput metabolic engineering platform enabling the rapid optimization of microbial production strains. The platform, which bridges a gap between current in vivo and in vitro bio-production approaches, relies on dynamic minimization of the active metabolic network.

In a first aspect, the present invention relates to new recombinant polypeptides derived from the newly identified gamma subunit of the fatty acid synthase protein complex. In addition, a fatty acid synthase protein complex comprising these new recombinant polypeptides are disclosed as well as nucleic acid molecules encoding these polypeptides. Further, a host cells containing the nucleic acid molecule encoding the polypeptides according to the present invention or expressing the polypeptide according to the present invention are described. In addition, an isolated fatty acid synthase protein complex is disclosed containing the newly identified gamma subunit thereof. Moreover, methods for determining the suitability of candidate compounds capable of inhibiting either the ketoreductase, enoylreductase or malonyl/palmitoyl transferase present in the FAS protein complex and methods for designing inhibitors of said enzymes are disclosed. Finally, the present invention relates to the inhibitors and their use in medicinal applications.

Compositions, methods, and systems for modifying sterol metabolism in a subject is disclosed. In some embodiments, the subjects may be administered one or more mammalian cells modified to express at least one sterol degrading enzyme derived from a bacterium. In many embodiments, the cell is a macrophage or monocyte stably expressing three or more enzymes that aid in opening the β ring of cholesterol. The disclosed compositions and methods may be useful in lowering cholesterol levels in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the subject may have a genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis.

A method of using an electrochemical cell, specifically a membrane bioreactor, to provide electrons to an electron transport chain capable of generating a proton gradient for performing ATP regeneration from ADP. Such an electron transport chain may be part of, or contained within, a synthetic membrane, or may be prepared by the suitable disruption of living cells. Electrons provided by the electrochemical cell are passed to the electron transport system via a suitable electron carrier, such as NADH2, FMNH2, FADH2, reduced ubiquinone(s), thiols, or other electron carriers or biological reducing equivalents that are compatible with the components of the electron transport chain performing ATP regeneration.

The present invention relates to a genetically modified host cell producing a bibenzylic acid or a derivative thereof expressing a) one or more genes encoding a polyketide synthase (PKS); b) one or more genes encoding a polyketide cyclase (PKC); and c) one or more genes encoding a double bond reductase (DBR); and one or more genes encoding polypeptides selected from d) a tyrosine ammonia lyase polypeptide (TAL); e) a phenylalanine ammonia lyase polypeptide (PAL); f) a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase polypeptide (C4H); g) a cytochrome p450 reductase polypeptide (CPR); h) a 4-coumarate-CoA ligase polypeptide (4CL); and/or i) a non-catalytic chalcone isomerase type III or IV polypeptide (CHIL); wherein the at least one gene is heterologous to the host cell.