The invention relates to a double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) for inhibiting the expression of a RRM2 gene. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the dsRNA or nucleic acid molecules or vectors encoding the same together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; methods for treating diseases caused by the expression of a RRM2 gene using said pharmaceutical composition; and methods for inhibiting the expression of RRM2 in a cell.

In various aspects and embodiments, the invention relates to bacterial strains and methods for making terpene and terpenoid products. The invention provides bacterial strains with improved carbon flux through the MEP pathway, to thereby increase terpene and/or terpenoid product yield by fermentation with carbon sources such as glucose.

The invention relates to a double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) for inhibiting the expression of a RRM2 gene. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the dsRNA or nucleic acid molecules or vectors encoding the same together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; methods for treating diseases caused by the expression of a RRM2 gene using said pharmaceutical composition; and methods for inhibiting the expression of RRM2 in a cell.

The present invention relates to a microbial cell for producing at least one L-amino acid from at least one C1-C4 alkane, wherein the cell comprises: (i) an increased expression relative to the wild type cell of Enzyme E.sub.1 capable of converting the alkane to a corresponding 1-alkanol; (ii) an increased expression relative to the wild type cell of Enzyme E.sub.2 capable of converting the 1-alkanol of (i) to a corresponding aldehyde; and either (iii) (A) an increased expression relative to the wild type cell of Enzyme E.sub.3 capable of converting the aldehyde of (ii) to a corresponding alkanoic acid; and a wild-type level expression of Enzyme E.sub.4 or an increased expression relative to the wild type cell of Enzyme E.sub.4 capable of converting the alkanoic acid of (iii) to a corresponding fatty acyl thioester; or (B) an increased expression relative to the wild type cell of Enzyme E.sub.5 capable of converting the aldehyde of (ii) to a corresponding fatty acyl thioester; and (iv) an increased expression relative to the wild type cell of Enzyme E.sub.6 capable of converting the fatty acyl thioester of (iii) to a corresponding amino acid

The invention relates to methods and bacterial strains for making terpene and terpenoid products, the bacterial strains having improved carbon pull through the MEP pathway and to a downstream recombinant synthesis pathway.

The invention relates to a double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) for inhibiting the expression of a RRM2 gene. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the dsRNA or nucleic acid molecules or vectors encoding the same together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; methods for treating diseases caused by the expression of a RRM2 gene using said pharmaceutical composition; and methods for inhibiting the expression of RRM2 in a cell.

The present invention relates to compositions comprising a polymeric matrix or a gel containing functional enzymes capable of re-creating under culture conditions the cell microenvironment existing in vivo. The present invention also relates to devices for cell cultures comprising such compositions, in particular hydrogel and the use thereof to control the chemical microenvironment of a cell culture or mimic physiological or pathological conditions of the in vivo cells. The compositions and the devices described herein could be also used in vitro for evaluating the therapeutic effect of a compound on a determined cell line or on primary cells.

The present invention relates to a yeast cell of the Komagataella genus comprising an orthologous promoter of a methylotrophic yeast cell or a variant thereof inducible by derepression, wherein the orthologous promoter is an orthologous formate dehydrogenase (FMD) promoter of a methylotrophic yeast cell.

Disclosed herein are non-naturally occurring C. autoethanogenum adapted to electrolyzer off-gas feedstock conditions that possess increased growth rates when compared to naturally occurring naturally occurring C. autoethanogenum.

Disclosed herein are novel microbial polycultures of two or more cell strains, capable of producing flavanones, flavonoids, and anthocyanidin-3-O-glucosides, and methods of use thereof. Also disclosed is a microbial cell capable of producing phenylpropanoic acids, and methods of use thereof.