Disclosed herein are microorganism and methods that can be used for the synthesis of cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) and cannabinoids. The methods disclosed can be used to produce CBGA, Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabichromenic acid (CBGA), Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), cannabichromevarinic acid (CBCVA), Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC). Enzymes useful for the synthesis of CBGA and cannabinoids, include but are not limited to acyl activating enzyme (AAE1), polyketide synthase (PKS), olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC), prenyltransferase (PT), THCA synthase (THCAS), CBDA synthase (CBDAS), CBC A synthase (CBCAS), HMG-Co reductase (HMG1), and/or famesyl pyrophosphate synthetase (ERG20). The microorganisms can also have one or more genes disrupted, such as gene that that controls beta oxidation of long chain fatty acids.

Disclosed are methods for preparing isoprenoid subunits, as well as methods of employing these isoprenoid subunits for the synthesis of isoprenoids. Also provided are isoprenoids prepared using the methods described herein.

The presently disclosed invention relates to a method of diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in a patient comprising obtaining a sample from the patient, determining a level of one or more H2S generating enzymes in the sample from the patient, and diagnosing the patient with MS when the level of the one or more H2S generating enzymes is one of at least 15% higher or lower than a control level for the one or more H2S generating enzymes, and at least 10% higher or lower than a control level for the one or more H2S generating enzymes.

Disclosed are novel multi-substituent psilocybin derivative compounds and pharmaceutical and recreational drug formulations containing the same. The compounds may be produced by reacting a reactant psilocybin derivative with a substituent containing compound.

In various aspects and embodiments, the invention relates to bacterial strains and methods for making terpene and terpenoid products. The invention provides bacterial strains with improved carbon flux through the MEP pathway, to thereby increase terpene and/or terpenoid product yield by fermentation with carbon sources such as glucose.

A novel PSL family prenyltransferase has relaxed substrate specificity, which can use a variety of cyclic dipeptides and prenyl donors as substrates to produce various terpenylated diketopiperazines. An amino acid sequence of the prenyltransferase is SEQ ID NO: 1. An application of the prenyltransferase is transferring different prenyl groups to Trp-containing cyclic dipeptides. The prenyltransferase catalyzes the formation of terpenylated diketopiperazines by assembling prenyl groups onto cyclic dipeptides, which provides a new strategy for drug development of diketopiperazines.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for producing cannabinoids and other metabolites in a host cell.

The present invention provides genetically engineered host organisms capable of producing terpenoids. The present invention also relates terpenoids obtained from such genetically engineered organisms. Examples of the produced terpenoids include carotenoids, ionones, abienol, and other isoprenoid derived compounds. In addition, the invention relates to a methods of for the preparation of terpenoids using such a genetically engineered organism.

The present invention relates to a genetically modified host cell producing a bibenzylic acid or a derivative thereof expressing a) one or more genes encoding a polyketide synthase (PKS); b) one or more genes encoding a polyketide cyclase (PKC); and c) one or more genes encoding a double bond reductase (DBR); and one or more genes encoding polypeptides selected from d) a tyrosine ammonia lyase polypeptide (TAL); e) a phenylalanine ammonia lyase polypeptide (PAL); f) a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase polypeptide (C4H); g) a cytochrome p450 reductase polypeptide (CPR); h) a 4-coumarate-CoA ligase polypeptide (4CL); and/or i) a non-catalytic chalcone isomerase type III or IV polypeptide (CHIL); wherein the at least one gene is heterologous to the host cell.

The invention relates to a genetically modified prokaryotic cell capable of improved iron-sulfur cluster delivery, characterized by a modified gene encoding a mutant Iron Sulfur Cluster Regulator (IscR) and one or more transgenes or upregulated endogenous genes encoding iron-sulfur (Fe—S) cluster polypeptides or proteins that catalyze complex radical-mediated molecular rearrangements, electron transfer, radical or non-redox reactions, sulfur donation or perform regulatory functions. The prokaryotic cells are characterized by enhanced activity of these iron-sulfur (Fe—S) cluster polypeptides, enhancing their respective functional capacity, and facilitating enhanced yields of compounds in free and protein-bound forms, including heme, hemoproteins, tetrapyrroles, B vitamins, amino acids, δ-aminolevulinic acid, biofuels, isoprenoids, pyrroloquinoline quinone, ammonia, indigo, or their precursors, whose biosynthesis depends on their activity. The invention further relates to a method for producing said compounds or their precursors using the genetically modified prokaryotic cell of the invention, and the use of the genetically modified prokaryotic cell.