The invention is directed to methods involved in the production of flavonoids, anthocyanins and other organic compounds. The invention provides cells engineered for the production of flavonoids, anthocyanins and other organic compounds, where the engineered cells include one or more genetic modifications that increase flavonoid production by increasing metabolic flux to flavonoid precursors and/or reducing carbon losses resulting from the production of byproducts.

The invention provides a method for producing a terpene or a precursor thereof by microbial fermentation. Typically, the method involves culturing a recombinant bacterium in the presence of a gaseous substrate whereby the bacterium produces a terpene or a precursor thereof, such as mevalonic acid, isopentenyl pyrophosphate, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, isoprene, geranyl pyrophosphate, farnesyl pyrophosphate, and/or farnesene. The bacterium may comprise one or more exogenous enzymes, such as enzymes in mevalonate, DXS, or terpene biosynthesis pathways.

Provided is a recombinant yeast expressing germacrene A synthetase or a fusion protein thereof, wherein the fusion protein is germacrene A synthetase and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. The recombinant yeast improves the yield of germacrene A, and is suitable for the industrialized production of β-elemene and/or germacrene A.

The present invention relates to novel yeast strains of Phaffia rhodozyma which produce high amounts of carotenoids, in particular high amounts astaxanthin. These novel strains are capable of producing increasing amounts of carotenoids in the presence of increasing concentrations of carbon source.

The present disclosure relates generally to methods and cell lines for the production of phytocannabinoids, phytocannabinoid precursors or intermediates, or phytocannabinoid analogue. Methods for transformation of host cells, such as yeast cells, are described. Cells may be transformed, for example, with a polynucleotide encoding a polyketide synthase (PKS) enzyme, a polynucleotide encoding an olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC) enzyme, and/or a polynucleotide encoding a prenyltransferase (PT) enzyme; and optionally a polynucleotide encoding an acyl-CoA synthase (Alk) enzyme; a polynucleotide encoding a fatty acyl CoA activating (CsAAE) enzyme; and/or a polynucleotide encoding a THCa synthase (OXC) enzyme.

The present disclosure relates generally to methods, isolated polypeptides and polynucleotides, expression vectors, and host cells for the production of cannabidiolic acid (CBDa), cannabigerolic acid (CBCa), and other phytocannabinoids. A method of producing CBDa, CBCa, and/or other phytocannabinoids in a heterologous host cell having CBDa-producing, CBCa-producing or phytocannabinoid-producing capacity comprises transforming the host cell with a nucleotide encoding a variant CBDa synthase protein having a serine insertion between residues P224 and K225 and one or more other amino acid mutation relative to wild type CBDa synthase, and culturing the transformed host cell to produce CBDa, CBCa, and/or other phytocannabinoids therefrom. The variant CBDa synthase protein has at least 85% sequence identity with the wild type CBDa synthase protein sequence OXC52 according to SEQ ID NO:140, with serine insertion (SEQ ID NO:141). Exemplary variants having good phytocannabinoid production capacity are described.

The present disclosure relates to human porphobilinogen deaminase derived proteins and polynucleotides and methods of using these proteins and polynucleotides.

Provided herein, inter alia, are methods, bacteria, nucleic acids, and polypeptides for producing sialylated oligosaccharides.

Exemplary embodiments provided herein include genetically engineering microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria, to produce cannabinoids by inserting genes that produce the appropriate enzymes for the metabolic production of a desired compound.

The present disclosure relates to a microorganism for producing a mycosporine-like amino acid, and a method for producing a mycosporine-like amino acid using the microorganism. The microorganism of the present disclosure shows an improved ability for producing a mycosporine-like amino acid and thus can be effectively used in the production of a mycosporine-like amino acid.