The present invention relates to methods and biomarkers for detection and characterization of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in biological samples (e.g., tissue samples, blood samples, plasma samples, cell samples, serum samples). In particular, the present invention provides compositions and methods for diagnosing a patient as having a Langerhans cell histiocytosis by identifying mutations in the MAP2K1 gene or gene products.

The present invention provides a process for the preparation of tofacitinib citrate of Formula I. Specifically, the present invention provides an enzymatic route for the preparation of tofacitinib of Formula II, which is converted to tofacitinib citrate of Formula I.

The present invention concerns reagents for the reversible protection of biological molecules. It relates in particular to compounds derived from azaisatoic anhydride and their uses for the protection of biological molecules, particularly enzymes, in order to block their activity. The invention also relates to the biological molecules protected in this manner and to the methods for making use of these reagents.

Recombinant DP04-type DNA polymerase variants with amino acid substitutions that confer modified properties upon the polymerase for improved single molecule sequencing applications are provided. Such properties may include enhanced binding and incorporation of bulky nucleotide analog substrates into daughter strands and the like. Also provided are compositions comprising such DP04 variants and nucleotide analogs, as well as nucleic acids which encode the polymerases with the aforementioned phenotypes.

The present disclosure provides a system to produce soluble, folded, and post-translationally modified proteins. The system includes a fusion protein comprising a catalytic domain of an enzyme involved in post-translational protein modification and a targeting domain, and a substrate protein comprising a protein of interest and a sequence that interacts with the targeting domain. The present disclosure also provides polynucleotide sequences encoding fusion proteins and substrate proteins, vectors for expressing polynucleotide sequences, vectors comprising the polynucleotide sequences, and isolated cells comprising said vectors.

The present disclosure provides a system to produce soluble, folded, and post-translationally modified proteins. The system includes a fusion protein comprising a catalytic domain of an enzyme involved in post-translational protein modification and a targeting domain, and a substrate protein comprising a protein of interest and a sequence that interacts with the targeting domain. The present disclosure also provides polynucleotide sequences encoding fusion proteins and substrate proteins, vectors for expressing polynucleotide sequences, vectors comprising the polynucleotide sequences, and isolated cells comprising said vectors.

Provided herein are compositions and methods to make and use engineered cells, for the purpose of increasing the cell density of a culture comprising metazoan cells and for the production of a cultured edible product.

The present invention relates to a method of increasing resistance against fungal pathogens of the order Pucciniales, preferably the family Phacopsoraceae, in plants and/or plant cells. This is achieved by increasing the expression of an RLK1protein or fragment thereof in a plant, plant part and/or plant cell in comparison to wild type plants, wild type plant parts and/or wild type plant cells. Furthermore, the invention relates to transgenic plants, plant parts, and/or plant cells having an increased resistance against fungal pathogens, in particular, pathogens of the order Pucciniales, preferably the family Phacopsoraceae, and to recombinant expression vectors comprising a sequence that is identical or homologous to a sequence encoding an RLK1protein.

The present invention relates to a method of increasing resistance against fungal pathogens of the order Pucciniales, preferably the family Phacopsoraceae, in plants and/or plant cells. This is achieved by increasing the expression of an RLK2 protein or fragment thereof in a plant, plant part and/or plant cell in comparison to wild type plants, wild type plant parts and/or wild type plant cells. Furthermore, the invention relates to transgenic plants, plant parts, and/or plant cells having an increased resistance against fungal pathogens, in particular, pathogens of the order Pucciniales, preferably the family Phacopsoraceae, and to recombinant expression vectors comprising a sequence that is identical or homologous to a sequence encoding an RLK2 protein.

Protein enriched micro-vesicles and methods of making and using the same are provided. Aspects of the methods include maintaining a cell having a membrane-associated protein comprising a first dimerization domain and a target protein having a second dimerization domain under conditions sufficient to produce a micro-vesicle from the cell, wherein the micro-vesicle includes the target protein. Also provided are cells, reagents and kits that find use in making the micro-vesicles, as well as methods of using the micro-vesicles, e.g., in research and therapeutic applications.