Provided herein are methods, compositions, and non-naturally occurring microbial organism for preparing compounds such as α-butanol, butyric acid, succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, 1-pentanol, pentanoic acid, glutaric acid, 1,5-pentanediol, 1-hexanol, hexanoic acid, adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, 6-hydroxy hexanoic acid, ε-Caprolactone, 6-amino-hexanoic acid, ε-Caprolactam, hexamethylenediamine, linear fatty acids and linear fatty alcohols that are between 7-25 carbons long, linear alkanes and linear α-alkenes that are between 6-24 carbons long, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid comprising: a) converting a C.sub.N aldehyde and pyruvate to a C.sub.N+3 β-hydroxyketone intermediate through an aldol addition; and b) converting the C.sub.N+3 β-hydroxyketone intermediate to the compounds through enzymatic steps, or a combination of enzymatic and chemical steps.

The present disclosure provides deoxyribonucleases that are salt-tolerant and/or thermolabile. In particular, the present disclosure provides mutant variants of bovine deoxyribonuclease I. Also provided are uses of mutant variants of deoxyribonuclease in various applications where DNA removal is desired and kits containing the same.

Provided is a method for predicting sensitivity of a cancer cell to a helicase inhibitor, the method comprising the step of: predicting a cancer cell having at least one mutation detected selected from the first group consisting of TTK mutation and RAD 50 mutation, as having sensitivity to a helicase inhibitor, or predicting a cancer cell having at least one mutation detected selected from the second group consisting of RAD 50 mutation, MRE 11 mutation, NBN mutation, DNA 2 mutation and RBBP 8 mutation, as having sensitivity to a helicase inhibitor.

The invention provides an artificial sgRNA and a CRISPR/Cas9 system by combining the artificial sgRNA and Cas9. Activity of the sgRNA can be retained even when a nucleotide linker region for forming a single strand by linking the 3′-terminal of crRNA and the 5′-terminal of tracrRNA in sgRNA is substituted with an amino acid derivative linker, when the linker region existing between stem-loop 1 and stem-loop 2 of tracrRNA and/or the loop portion of stem-loop 2 are/is substituted with an amino acid derivative linker, or when an amino acid derivative linker is added/inserted into the vicinity of the 5′-terminal and/or the 3′-terminal of sgRNA. Stability in vivo can be improved by introducing one or more amino acid derivative linkers into the sgRNA.

An enzyme production line having a plurality of enzymes 3 bound to a support 4 for running a series of catalyzed reactions to convert a substrate 30 to a final product 32. A method of using the enzyme production line to form a final product 32 in which a substrate 30 contacts a first enzyme 3 bound to a support 4 to form an intermediate and contacting the intermediate with a second enzyme 3 bound to a support 4 to form a final product 32.

An enzyme production line having a plurality of enzymes 3 bound to a support 4 for running a series of catalyzed reactions to convert a substrate 30 to a final product 32. A method of using the enzyme production line to form a final product 32 in which a substrate 30 contacts a first enzyme 3 bound to a support 4 to form an intermediate and contacting the intermediate with a second enzyme 3 bound to a support 4 to form a final product 32.

Provided herein are systems and methods for the production of malonic acid or a salt thereof in recombinant host cells.

Provided herein are systems and methods for the production of malonic acid or a salt thereof in recombinant host cells.

The present invention is directed to a transgenic soybean plant having increased oleic acid content comprising a polynucleotide comprising a fatty acid thioesterase (FAT) related promoter that functions in the soybean plant operably linked to a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having FAT activity. The invention is further directed to a method of increasing oleic acid content of a soybean plant comprising transforming a soybean plant with a polynucleotide comprising a fatty acid thioesterase (FAT) related promoter that functions in the soybean plant operably linked to a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having FAT activity.

Disclosed is a method for production of a fusion protein in which an antibody and a lysosomal enzyme are fused. The method comprises; (a) a step of culturing mammalian cells producing the fusion protein in a serum-free medium to let the mammalian cells secrete the fusion protein in the culture medium, (b) a step of collecting culture supernatant by removing the mammalian cells from the culture medium, and (c) a step of purifying the fusion protein from the culture supernatant by using a column chromatography employing as a solid phase a material to which a substance having affinity for the fusion protein has been bound, a column chromatography employing as a solid phase a material having affinity for the phosphate group, and a size exclusion column chromatography.