A family of customizable tethering molecules for tethering cofactors such as, but not necessarily limited to, nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH, NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H) to substrates or structures formed from or including graphene-like materials is described. The tethered cofactor can then be used, for example, as biosensors employed for clinical diagnostic, food industry, medical drug development and environmental and military applications, as well as in reagentless biofuel cells for power generation.

A family of customizable tethering molecules for tethering cofactors such as, but not necessarily limited to, nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH, NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H) to substrates or structures formed from or including graphene-like materials is described. The tethered cofactor can then be used, for example, as biosensors employed for clinical diagnostic, food industry, medical drug development and environmental and military applications, as well as in reagentless biofuel cells for power generation.

Provided herein are a device and a method for preparation of immobilized proteins, enzymes or cells on a carrier to achieve the industrial batch production of the immobilized proteins, enzymes or cells.

Provided herein are a device and a method for preparation of immobilized proteins, enzymes or cells on a carrier to achieve the industrial batch production of the immobilized proteins, enzymes or cells.

The present disclosure relates to compositions and processes in the field of self-cleaning system using digestive proteins. One composition includes a substrate, a digestive protein capable of decomposing a stain molecule, and a linker moiety bound to both said digestive protein and said substrate. The processes include binding a substrate to a surface and forming a linker moiety between a digestive protein and said substrate.

The present disclosure relates to compositions and processes in the field of self-cleaning system using digestive proteins. One composition includes a substrate, a digestive protein capable of decomposing a stain molecule, and a linker moiety bound to both said digestive protein and said substrate. The processes include binding a substrate to a surface and forming a linker moiety between a digestive protein and said substrate.

Provided herein are a device and a method for preparation of immobilized proteins, enzymes or cells on a carrier to achieve the industrial batch production of the immobilized proteins, enzymes or cells.

Provided herein are a device and a method for preparation of immobilized proteins, enzymes or cells on a carrier to achieve the industrial batch production of the immobilized proteins, enzymes or cells.

A method of preparing a microorganisms-immobilized felt-based resin includes the following steps: providing a mixture of an acrylate monomer, an initiator, a solvent, and water; adding a felt to the mixture; initiating a polymerization reaction of the mixture to form a felt-based resin; and immobilizing microorganisms on the felt-based resin to form the microorganisms-immobilized felt-based resin.

The invention concerns a bioelectrode and a device comprising same, for detecting or oxidising glucose. The bioelectrode of the invention comprises a layer of carbon nano tubes to which aromatic molecules are bonded, and FAD-GDH enzymes being adsorbed on the aromatic molecules. The invention applies to the field of biosensors and biofuel cells in particular.