The present invention relates to an enzyme-catalyzed process for producing UDP-galactose from low-cost substrates uridine monophosphate and D-galactose in a single reaction mixture. Said process can be operated (semi)continuously or in batch mode. Said process can be extended to uridine as starting material instead of uridine monophosphate. Further, said process can be adapted to produce galactosylated molecules and biomolecules including saccharides, proteins, peptides, glycoproteins or glycopeptides, particularly human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and (monoclonal) antibodies.

The present invention relates to an enzyme-catalyzed process for producing UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) from low-cost substrates uridine monophosphate and N-acetyl-D glucosamine in a single reaction mixture with immobilized or preferably co-immobilized enzymes. Uridine may be used as starting material instead of uridine monophosphate as well. Further, said process may be adapted to produce GlcNAcylated molecules and biomolecules including saccharides, particularly human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), proteins, peptides, glycoproteins, particularly antibodies, or glycopeptides, and bioconjugates, particularly carbohydrate conjugate vaccines and antibody-drug conjugates.

The present invention relates generally to the field of immune binding proteins and method for obtaining immune binding proteins from genomic or other sources. The present invention also relates to nucleic acids encoding the immune binding proteins in which the natural multimeric association of chains is maintained in the nucleic acids and the immune binding proteins made therefrom. For example, nucleic acids encoding antibodies that are amplified from a B-cell using the methods of the invention maintain the natural pairing of heavy and light chains from the B-cell. This maintenance of pairing (or multimerization) produces libraries and/or repertoires of immune binding proteins that are enriched for useful binding molecules.

The present invention relates generally to the field of immune binding proteins and method for obtaining immune binding proteins from genomic or other sources. The present invention also relates to nucleic acids encoding the immune binding proteins in which the natural multimeric association of chains is maintained in the nucleic acids and the immune binding proteins made therefrom. For example, nucleic acids encoding antibodies that are amplified from a B-cell using the methods of the invention maintain the natural pairing of heavy and light chains from the B-cell. This maintenance of pairing (or multimerization) produces libraries and/or repertoires of immune binding proteins that are enriched for useful binding molecules.

Provided is use of immobilized transaminase in preparation of sitagliptin and/or (R)-3-amino-1-morpholine-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-1-butanone. The immobilized transaminase comprises resin and a transaminase mutant, the amino acid sequence of the transaminase mutant is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 7. Also provided is an immobilized transaminase, a transaminase mutant, a preparation method therefor and use thereof. The enzyme activity of the transaminase mutant in the catalysis of a ketoamide substrate is high, and the enzyme activity is still high after the transaminase mutant is prepared into the immobilized transaminase. When the transaminase mutant is used for catalyzing the ketoamide substrate to produce sitagliptin or an intermediate thereof, a screened solvent reaction system is combined, the immobilized transaminase is high in conversion rate and good in stereoselectivity and stability, the repeatability rate is improved, and the operation is simpler, thereby reducing the cost of production, and it is beneficial to industrial production.

Provided is use of immobilized transaminase in preparation of sitagliptin and/or (R)-3-amino-1-morpholine-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-1-butanone. The immobilized transaminase comprises resin and a transaminase mutant, the amino acid sequence of the transaminase mutant is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 7. Also provided is an immobilized transaminase, a transaminase mutant, a preparation method therefor and use thereof. The enzyme activity of the transaminase mutant in the catalysis of a ketoamide substrate is high, and the enzyme activity is still high after the transaminase mutant is prepared into the immobilized transaminase. When the transaminase mutant is used for catalyzing the ketoamide substrate to produce sitagliptin or an intermediate thereof, a screened solvent reaction system is combined, the immobilized transaminase is high in conversion rate and good in stereoselectivity and stability, the repeatability rate is improved, and the operation is simpler, thereby reducing the cost of production, and it is beneficial to industrial production.

A method for detecting a target nucleic acid fragment in a sample, the method including a step of bringing the sample into contact with a gRNA, a Cas protein, and a substrate nucleic acid fragment, in which the Cas protein expresses nuclease activity after forming a complex with the gRNA and the target nucleic acid fragment, the substrate nucleic acid fragment is labeled with a fluorescent substance and a quenching substance, when the substrate nucleic acid fragment is cleaved by the nuclease activity so that the fluorescent substance is separated from the quenching substance, the fluorescent substance emits fluorescence due to excitation light, and the contact is performed in a reaction space having a volume of 10 aL to 100 pL so that when the target nucleic acid fragment is present in the sample, a tripartite complex is formed, the substrate nucleic acid fragment is cleaved, and the fluorescent substance is separated from the quenching substance; and a step of irradiating the fluorescent substance with the excitation light and detecting the fluorescence, in which detection of the fluorescence indicates that the target nucleic acid fragment is present in the sample.

The present disclosure relates to hydrogels composition comprising protist cells. In particular, the present disclosure relates to hydrogel compositions which may be used to encapsulate or suspend ciliated protist cells, and methods of preparing the same. The present disclosure further relates to methods of infecting molluscs with a ciliated protist cell, and methods and compositions for stabilising ciliated protist cells.

The present disclosure relates to hydrogels composition comprising protist cells. In particular, the present disclosure relates to hydrogel compositions which may be used to encapsulate or suspend ciliated protist cells, and methods of preparing the same. The present disclosure further relates to methods of infecting molluscs with a ciliated protist cell, and methods and compositions for stabilising ciliated protist cells.

A biodegradable foam which includes a poly-ester-based polyurethane foam and a mixture comprised of a soil-dwelling carbon-digesting bacteria embedded in a carrier compound. The mixture of the soil-dwelling carbon-digesting bacteria is homogenously dispersed throughout the polyester-based polyurethane foam. This biodegradable foam exhibits biodegradation rates higher than a polyester-based polyurethane foam absent the soil-dwelling carbon-digesting bacteria.