Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are identified that enhance pluripotency reprogramming of somatic cells as well as differentiation of pluripotent cells. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell generation from somatic cells leads to the upregulation and downregulation of identified lncRNAs. The modulation of these lncRNAs are capable of enhancing pluripotency of somatic cells as well as enhancing differentiation of a pluripotent cell.

Provided herein are neuroprotective molecules containing a sequence of 25-35 contiguous nucleotides that is at least 80% identical to a contiguous sequence between nucleotide 1 and nucleotide 50 of a mature human tRNA and at least four contiguous guanosine-containing nucleotides, where the sequence of 25-35 contiguous nucleotides contains a D-loop stem structure, the at least four contiguous guanosine-containing nucleotides are located at the 5 end of the neuroprotective molecule, and the neuroprotective molecule contains at least one deoxyribonucleotide. Also provided are neuroprotective molecules containing a sequence of 25-35 contiguous nucleotides that is at least 80% identical to a contiguous sequence between nucleotide 1 and nucleotide 50 of a mature human tRNA selected from the group of tRA.sup.Arg, tRNA.sup.Asp, tRNA.sup.Gln, tRNA.sup.Glu, tRNA.sup.Gly, tRNA.sup.His, tRNA.sup.Ile, tRNA.sup.Leu, tRNA.sup.Lys, tRNA.sup.Met, tRNA.sup.Pro, tRNA.sup.SeC, tRNA.sup.Ser, tRNA.sup.Sup, tRNA.sup.Thr, tRNA.sup.Trp, tRNA.sup.Tyr, tRNA.sup.Val, tRNA.sup.Asn, and tRNA.sup.Phe; and at least four contiguous guanosine-containing nucleotides, where the sequence of 25-35 contiguous nucleotides contains a D-loop stem structure and the at least four contiguous guanosine-containing nucleotides are located at the 5 end of the neuroprotective molecule. Also provided are methods of inducing or increasing stress granule formation in a cell, decreasing protein translation in a cell, decrease stress-induced cell death, or treating a neurological disorder associated with neuron death in a subject using at least one of these neuroprotective molecules or a C-myc oligonucleotide. Also provided are methods of identifying a candidate translation.

Provided herein are neuroprotective molecules containing a sequence of 25-35 contiguous nucleotides that is at least 80% identical to a contiguous sequence between nucleotide 1 and nucleotide 50 of a mature human tRNA and at least four contiguous guanosine-containing nucleotides, where the sequence of 25-35 contiguous nucleotides contains a D-loop stem structure, the at least four contiguous guanosine-containing nucleotides are located at the 5 end of the neuroprotective molecule, and the neuroprotective molecule contains at least one deoxyribonucleotide. Also provided are methods of inducing or increasing stress granule formation in a cell, decreasing protein translation in a cell, decreasing stress-induced cell death, or treating a neurological disorder associated with neuron death in a subject using at least one of these neuroprotective molecules.

The present invention provides methods for assaying binding of compounds to G-quadruplex structures. Also provided are methods for screening candidate compounds for use as modulators of G-quadruplex activity, and methods for screening candidate compounds for telomerase inhibitory activity. The invention further provides novel compounds useful in the assays of the invention.

Quadruplex-forming guanine-rich nucleic acid sequences are useful in compositions and methods for inhibiting cellular growth and proliferation and inducing cell death. Compositions for treating a patient are provided, including (i) a safe and effective amount of a sequence having at least 80% nucleic acid identity with a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12 and combinations thereof, and (ii) a carrier, wherein the isolated oligonucleotide forms at least one quadruplex.

The present invention relates to A multicomponent system wherein a first component is an engineered antigen-presenting cell (eAPC) designated component A and a second component is a genetic donor vector, designated component C, for delivery of one or more ORFs encoding an analyte antigen-presenting complex (aAPX) and/or an analyte antigenic molecule (aAM), wherein component A a. Lacks endogenous surface expression of at least one family of aAPX and/or aAM and b. Contains at least two genomic receiver sites, designated component B and component D, each for integration of at least one ORF encoding at least one aAPX and/or aAM, and component C is matched to a component B, and wherein component C is designed to deliver c. A single ORF encoding at least one aAPX and/or aAM or d. Two or more ORF encoding at least one aAPX and/or aAM,
wherein the genomic receiver sites B and D are synthetic constructs designed for recombinase mediated exchange (RMCE).

In some embodiments, complex molecular knots with high crossing numbers are achieved by folding, following a prescribed folding order, single-stranded DNA or RNA of customized sequences into target shapes. Such complex molecular knots with high crossing numbers are useful for biomedical applications including use as immunostimulatory agents and/or protein hosts and carriers.

The present invention relates to A multicomponent system wherein a first component is an engineered antigen-presenting cell (eAPC) designated component A and a second component is a genetic donor vector, designated component C, for delivery of one or more ORFs encoding an analyte antigen-presenting complex (aAPX) and/or an analyte antigenic molecule (aAM), wherein component A: Lacks endogenous surface expression of at least one family of aAPX and/or aAM and; Contains at least two genomic receiver sites, designated component B and component D, each for integration of at least one ORF encoding at least one aAPX and/or aAM; and component C is matched to a component B, and wherein component C is de-signed to deliver; A single ORF encoding at least one aAPX and/or aAM or; Two or more ORF encoding at least one aAPX and/or aAM; wherein the genomic receiver sites Band Dare synthetic constructs designed for recombinase mediated exchange (RMCE).

Disclosed is an oligonucleotide-modified nucleic acid containing at least one 1--D-arabinofuranosylcytosine as a modified nucleic acid having therapeutic efficacies and guanosine. More particularly, a novel oligonucleotide-modified nucleic acid containing at least one modified nucleic acid (N) having therapeutic efficacies and being rich in guanosine (G) is synthesized and the fact that the novel oligonucleotide-modified nucleic acid has excellent apoptotic activities on blood cancer cells and drug-resistant blood cancer cells is identified. Based on this, provided is a composition for preventing, ameliorating or treating blood cancer, containing the novel oligonucleotide-modified nucleic acid, and the novel oligonucleotide-modified nucleic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

In some embodiments, complex molecular knots with high crossing numbers are achieved by folding, following a prescribed folding order, single-stranded DNA or RNA of customized sequences into target shapes. Such complex molecular knots with high crossing numbers are useful for biomedical applications including use as immunostimulatory agents and/or protein hosts and carriers.