Provided herein, in some embodiments, are nucleic acid-based tools that may be used for high-throughput functional genomics studies as well as for the generation of knockout (gene inactivation or deletion) or knockin (gene activation or insertion) cell lines. Tools of the present disclosure include an “activatable reporter cassette,” a guide RNA construct and a nuclease that can be used together, for example, to modify and isolate targeted cells of interest.

Panels, compositions, and methods for treating cancer in a subject in need thereof are disclosed involving one or more genes the suppression of which renders the cancer chemosensitive and/or radiosensitive.

Described herein are methods and vectors for rational, multiplexed manipulation of chromosomes within open reading frames (e.g., in protein libraries) or any segment of a chromosome in a cell or population of cells, in which various CRISPR systems are used.

Methods are disclosed for identifying antibacterial compounds which inhibit propagation of selected spectrum bacteria, which bacteria use specific tRNA to code for Ala, Met, Ser, or Leu that other bacteria do not use. In one embodiment, the selected spectrum bacteria use GCA to code for Ala, whereas other bacteria use a different codon to code for alanine. The methods involve determining whether putative inhibitors promote or inhibit complex formation between the tRNA and a bacterial ribosome, or between the tRNA and an aminoacyl synthetase. Compounds which promote or inhibit complex formation can disrupt protein production, which bacteria need to propagate. The identified antibacterial compounds can selectively inhibit bacterial propagation. By limiting their effects to the selected spectrum bacteria, these compounds can treat or prevent specific bacterial infections without disrupting the normal bacterial flora, the patients' microbiome, or causing antibacterial resistance.

The invention provides methods and compositions for improving production of exogenous polypeptides in large scale culture of mammalian host cells. The methods and compositions utilize RNA interference to inhibit expression of one or more specific host cell proteins. The present invention is based on the identification of specific mammalian genes and sequences therein that are useful as RNAi targets to enhance the production of exogenous proteins in mammalian cell culture.

The present invention describes oligonucleotides that bind to microRNA target sites in target RNAs, such as mRNAs. The oligonucleotides of the invention may mediate RNase H degradation of the target RNA, mediate RNAi of the target RNA or prevent microRNA regulation of the target RNA. The oligonucleotides of the invention are useful e.g. as research tools for studying microRNA:mRNA interactions and for therapeutic development. The present invention also describes methods of identifying microRNA target sites, methods of validating microRNA target sites, methods of identifying oligonucleotides of the invention and methods of modulating the activity of a target RNA using the oligonucleotides of the invention.

Methods and compositions are provided for translational profiling and molecular phenotyping of specific tissues, cells and cell subtypes of interest. The methods provided herein facilitate the analysis of gene expression in the selected subset present within a heterogeneous sample.

Described herein are compositions and methods for survival prediction in gastric cancer patients after surgical operation. The compositions are microRNA molecules associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer, as well as various nucleic acid molecules relating thereto or derived therefrom.

This invention relates to the use of CRISPR nucleic acids to screen for essential and non-essential genes and expendable genomic islands in bacteria, archaea, algae and/or yeast, to kill bacteria, archaea, algae and/or yeast, to identify the phenotype of a gene or genes, and/or to screen for reduced genome size and/or a gene deletion in bacteria, archaea, algae and/or yeast.

The subject matter disclosed herein is generally directed to methods and systems for screening phenotypes associated with genetic elements and identifying genetic elements at the single-cell level using optical barcodes. A major advantage offered by this approach is the ability to screen for any cellular phenotype that can be identified by high-resolution microscopy—including live-cell phenotypes, protein localization, or highly multiplexed expression profile and mRNA localization in conjunction with a large array of genetic elements applied as a pool in a single test volume.