The present disclosure provides culture or fermentation media including a biomass or derivative thereof of a hemoprotein-producing C.sub.1 metabolizing non-photosynthetic bacterium, methods of culturing cells or tissue with the culture or fermentation medium, and products produced by the culturing methods including food products, food ingredients, phytoprotective bacterial cell products, and other products of interest such as vitamins, fatty acids, amino acid, carotenoids, etc.

Provided are a novel hemagglutinin that can remove cells deviated from the undifferentiated state, the cells being cells that emerge in a colony during culture of stem cells having pluripotency, and a novel method for culturing stem cells having pluripotency, the method using hemagglutinin. Provided is a mutant hemagglutinin complex protein derived from Clostridium botulinum type B, the complex protein containing at least subcomponents HA2 and HA3 of hemagglutinin derived from Clostridium botulinum type B, and the complex protein containing amino acids constituting a glycosylation site, with at least one of the amino acids having been mutated. Provided is a method for culturing stem cells having pluripotency, the method including culturing the stem cell having pluriopotency in the presence of a mutant hemagglutinin complex protein of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure provides an antimicrobial composition as well as a process using same to limit microbial activity in a yeast medium. The antimicrobial composition includes at least one weak acid, optionally in combination with an acid stable bacteriocin and/or an antibiotic. The antimicrobial composition can be used for propagating yeasts and for making a fermentation product. The present disclosure also provides yeasts and lactic acid bacteria that can be used with the antimicrobial composition.

The present invention it was determined that dendritic cells could be derived from various sources including peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of only GM-CSF without other cytokines if the monocytes were not activated. By preventing activation, such as by preventing binding of the cells to the surface of the culture vessel, the monocytes do not require the presence of additional cytokines, such as IL-4 or IL-13, to prevent differentiation into a non-dendritic cell lineage. The immature DCs generated and maintained in this manner were CD14.sup.− and expressed high levels of CD1a. Upon maturation by contact with an agent such as, for example, BCG and IFNγ, the cells were determined to express surface molecules typical of mature dendritic cells purified by prior methods and cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. The mature dendritic cells produced from monocytes without activation and cultured in GM-CSF alone are suitable for use in dendritic cell-based immunotherapy methods, such as for use in the treatment of disease, including cancer.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can be used in place of DCs when pulsing with antigens, or antigen and adjuvant combination, and then administered to a subject as a vaccine to induce a protective immune response. The PBMC-based vaccine strategy provides a more marked and enduring protective immune response and is also capable of serving as a multi-organism prophylactic vaccine platform. The vaccine platform may be used to screen vaccine and adjuvant combinations and may also be used to allow for adjuvants that are otherwise unsafe for use in humans as the adjuvant may be removed prior to prophylactic administration of the pulsed PBMCs.

An oral biology model which comprises biofilm, oral epithelial tissue and a suspension of neutrophil-like cells in media is disclosed. The biofilm, which comprises oral bacteria, is produced by culturing oral bacteria on a solid substrate. The oral epithelial tissue may be gingival epithelial tissue to model the gingival crevice or buccal epithelial tissue to model the oral check. The suspension of neutrophil-like cells in media comprises neutrophil-like cells that are differentiated HL60 cells induced to a neutrophil-like phenotype by treatment with retinoic acid. Methods of using the oral biology model to test and compare compounds and formulations or to screen compounds and formulations for their effect on release of inflammatory signals, their effect on biofilm and oral bacteria and/or their effect on the cellular components are disclosed.

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is considered a major supplement in culturing cells. Due to ethical issues, high costs, and batch-to-batch variations, designing an alternative to the FBS in cell culturing is important. A biological supplement including of microbiota-derived postbiotics (MD-PBs) obtained from a fermentation medium of beneficial microorganisms isolated from natural microbiota sources was formulated, processed, combined, and used as an alternative to the FBS in stimulating cell proliferation and growth. According to results obtained from different cell lines and primary cells, the MD-PBs and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) alone and/or Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Sericin stimulated cell growth better than the FBS and, thus the MD-PBs and the EPSs alone and/or the BSA and Sericin are used as a possible alternative to the FBS in cell culture experiments and cultured meat technology.

A method for producing cell aggregates includes culturing cells while suspending the cells in a liquid culture medium comprising a lysophospholipid. A composition includes a lysophospholipid, wherein the composition is a liquid culture medium or a composition added to a liquid culture medium.

The present invention it was determined that dendritic cells could be derived from various sources including peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of only GM-CSF without other cytokines if the monocytes were not activated. By preventing activation, such as by preventing binding of the cells to the surface of the culture vessel, the monocytes do not require the presence of additional cytokines, such as IL-4 or IL-13, to prevent differentiation into a non-dendritic cell lineage. The immature DCs generated and maintained in this manner were CD14.sup.− and expressed high levels of CD1a. Upon maturation by contact with an agent such as, for example, BCG and IFNγ, the cells were determined to express surface molecules typical of mature dendritic cells purified by prior methods and cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. The mature dendritic cells produced from monocytes without activation and cultured in GM-CSF alone are suitable for use in dendritic cell-based immunotherapy methods, such as for use in the treatment of disease, including cancer.

Herein is reported a method for obtaining a B-cell comprising the following steps a) labeling B-cells, b) depositing the labeled B-cells as single cells, c) co-cultivating the single cell deposited B-cells with feeder cells, d) selecting a B-cell proliferating and secreting IgG in step c) and thereby obtaining a B-cell. The labeling can be of IgG.sup.+CD19.sup.+-B-cells, IgG.sup.+CD38.sup.+-B-cells, IgG.sup.+CD268.sup.+-B-cells, IgG.sup.CD138.sup.+-B-cells, CD27.sup.+CD138.sup.+-B-cells or CD3.sup.CD27.sup.+-B-cells. The method can comprise the step of incubating said B-cells at 37 C. for one hour in EL-4 B5 medium prior to the depositing step. The method can also comprise the step of centrifuging said single cell deposited B-cells prior to the co-cultivation. In the co-cultivation a feeder mix comprising interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowans cells or BAFF or interleukin-2 and/or interleukin-10 and/or interleukin-6 and/or interleukin-4 can be used.