A method for producing pancreatic endocrine cells, including introducing (A), (B), (C), or (D) into somatic cells: (A) mutated GLIS1 gene having 85%-sequence-identity to base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 or gene product(s) thereof, Neurogenin3 gene or gene product(s) thereof, Pdx1 gene or gene product(s) thereof, and MafA gene or gene product(s) thereof; (B) mutated GLIS1 gene having 85%-sequence-identity to base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 or gene product(s) thereof, Neurogenin3 gene or gene product(s) thereof, and Pdx1 gene or gene product(s) thereof (C) GLIS1 gene or gene product(s) thereof, Neurogenin3 gene or gene product(s) thereof, Pdx1 gene or gene product(s) thereof, and MafA gene or gene product(s) thereof and (D) mutated GLIS1 gene having 85%-sequence-identity to base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 or gene product(s) thereof, Neurogenin3 gene or gene product(s) thereof, and MafA gene or gene product(s) thereof.

Provided is a method for efficiently manufacturing high-purity peripheral nerve cells from undifferentiated cells. The method for manufacturing peripheral nerve cells from undifferentiated cells having an ability to differentiate into peripheral nerve cells includes the following steps (a) and (b): (a) culturing undifferentiated cells having an ability to differentiate into peripheral nerve cells to induce differentiation into neural progenitor cells without detaching a grown colony from a culture vessel; and (b) detaching the neural progenitor cells produced in the step (a) from the culture vessel, then seeding the cells at a seeding density of 2×10.sup.5 to 6×10.sup.5 cells/cm.sup.2 to a culture vessel, and culturing the cells for 14 to 42 days.

Presented herein are compositions and methods for generating stem cell derived retinal tissue and isolated retinal progenitor cells for use in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases and disorders.

A production method for a cerebral organoid having amyloid plaques is provided, the method including a step (a) of forming, in the presence of a SMAD inhibitor, an embryoid body from a pluripotent stem cell having a mutation in an Alzheimer's disease-related gene; a step (b) of embedding the embryoid body after the step (a) in an extracellular matrix and three-dimensionally culturing the embedded embryoid body in the presence of a SMAD inhibitor and a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibitor to form an organoid; and a step (c) of removing the organoid after the step (b) from the extracellular matrix and subjecting the removed organoid to stirring culture in a medium, where at least a part of the step (c) is carried out in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF).

Methods are provided for the production of photoreceptor cells and photoreceptor progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells. Additionally provided are compositions of photoreceptor cells and photoreceptor cells, as well as methods for the therapeutic use thereof. Exemplary methods may produce substantially pure cultures of photoreceptor cells and/or photoreceptor cells.

Human raphe nuclei organoids or spheroids (hRNS) are generated in vitro, which may be generated at least in part from human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells. Such spheroids model the human raphe nuclei and comprise specific sets of cells, e.g. serotonergic neurons, that are associated with the raphe nuclei of a human, and can be assembled with cortical spheroids (hCS) to generate functional human neuromodulatory circuits.

Provided herein are, in various embodiments, methods and compositions for differentiating olfactory mucosa-derived mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSC). In certain embodiments, the disclosure provides for media to differentiate OM-MSCs. In still further embodiments, the disclosure provides for methods and compositions using differentiated OM-MSCs for the treatment of nerve repair. In particular embodiments, the disclosure provides for novel treatments of peripheral nerve repair.

The present disclosure provides transposon-based methods of genetic editing in pluripotent stem cells, and methods of lineage specific differentiation of such edited pluripotent stem cells into floor plate midbrain progenitor cells, determined dopamine (DA) neuron progenitor cells, and/or DA neurons, or into glial cells, such as microglial cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or ependymocytes. Also provided are compositions and uses thereof, such as for treating neurodegenerative diseases and conditions, including Parkinson's disease.

The present specification provides a method of producing induced functional astrocytes (iAs) from human pluripotent stem cells substantially more rapidly than previously achieved. These iAs express biomarkers and have functional characteristics typical of natural astrocytes. The iAs are useful in the exploration of astrocyte biology, pathophysiology, and in models of neurologic diseases and disorders.

Techniques and systems are disclosed for a bioassay that is an in vitro mimic of peripheral nerve generation using the sensory neurons that innervate the peripheral nervous system. In some embodiments, the techniques may assist in detecting the bioactivity or potency of nerve grafts (e.g., processed, acellular human allografts) for fostering or supporting peripheral nerve regeneration. In various embodiments, techniques comprise affixing neurons (e.g., a DRG) to a nerve graft segment to form a test construct; culturing the test construct in a medium; analyzing the test construct to indicate the amount of outgrowing nerve structure; and determining the potency of the nerve graft from a metric derived from the analysis. In some embodiments, techniques and materials may be used to test the effect of a varied test condition on nerve growth.