The present invention comprises a culture medium composition for the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, the composition comprising a bone morphogenic protein (BMP) complex with TGF-f3, bFGF, VEGF, and IGF, bound to collagen type 1 dissolved into a mesenchymal stem cell culture medium. Methods of use of the composition and/or the BMP complex comprise: performing a diagnostic assay detecting a level of bone morphogenetic proteins in a patient serum level; determining if the BMP level is below a threshold level; and when the BMP level is below the threshold level, administering a composition comprising a BMP complex, with or without a pharmaceutical, such as a drug for treating and/or preventing osteoporosis. The present invention comprises performing an in vivo lavage and bone assay; and administering the BMP complex composition to a patient in need thereof.

The present invention relates to a method for producing mammalian neural plate border stem cells (NPBSCs), comprising: (a) differentiation of mammalian pluripotent stem cells by (a-i) culturing mammalian pluripotent stem cells in pluripotent stem cell medium for about 24 to about 96 hours, wherein the pluripotent stem cell medium comprises: (i) an inhibitor of the activin/TGF- signalling pathway; (ii) an inhibitor of the BMP signalling pathway; (iii) an activator of the canonical WNT signalling pathway; and (iv) an activator of the Hedgehog signalling pathway; subsequently (a-ii) culturing the cells obtained in step (a-i) for about 24 to about 96 hours in a neural medium, wherein the neural medium comprises: (i) an inhibitor of the Activin/TGF- signalling pathway; (ii) an inhibitor of the BMP signalling pathway; (iii) an activator of the canonical WNT signalling pathway; and (iv) an activator of the Hedgehog signalling pathway; subsequently (a-iii) culturing the cells obtained in step (a-ii) for about 24 to about 96 hours in a neural medium, wherein the neural medium comprises: (i) an activator of the canonical WNT signalling pathway; (ii) an activator of the Hedgehog signalling pathway; and (iii) an inhibitor of oxidation; and (b) plating the obtained differentiated mammalian pluripotent stem cells in NPBSCs expansion medium, wherein the NPBSCs expansion medium comprises (i) an activator of the canonical WNT signalling pathway; (ii) an activator of the Hedgehog signalling pathway; and (iii) an inhibitor of oxidation; and expanding the cells in the NPBSCs expansion medium for about 24 to about 96 hours; (c) splitting the cells obtained in (b) and further expanding the cells in the NPBSCs expansion medium; and (d) repeating step (c) at least two times. The present invention further relates to neural plate border stem cells obtainable by the method of the invention and the use of the cells of the invention in medicine.

Disclosed is a method for treating or preventing kidney transplantation rejection in a patient by administering to the patient autologous, ex vivo-modified and expanded CD4.sup.+CD25.sup.+Foxp3.sup.+CD127.sup.low T reg cells.

The present invention is drawn, in part, to biocompatible compositions comprising a biocompatible polymer matrix and conditioned cell medium comprising i) a cell culture medium and ii) one or more agents synthesized by and secreted from one or more cells cultured in the cell culture medium, as well as therapeutic uses thereof, particularly in modulating bone and/or gum tissue growth.

The invention provides cellular compositions that contain CD34.sup.+ cells derived from bone marrow of a decease donor and CD3.sup.+ cells derived from non-bone marrow of the deceased donor. The compositions are useful to promote mixed chimerism in recipients of solid organ transplants. The invention also provides methods of making and using such compositions. In certain embodiments, the invention further provides methods of analyzing and preparing blood and blood components from a deceased donor for use in compositions of the invention to promote mixed chimerism in solid organ transplant recipients.

Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a medium composition for cell culture, and a method of manufacturing a crushed stem cell extract using a method of manufacturing a medium composition for cell culture and a 3-low extracting method of active ingredients of a stem cell. The medium composition for cell culture includes a basal medium; a hyaluronic acid; and an additive composition. According to an embodiment, when active ingredients of a stem cell are extracted, a stem cell is crushed at a 3-low circumstance of low temperature, low pressure, a hypotonic circumstance.

The present invention provides cell populations that are enriched for mesendoderm and mesoderm, and cell populations that are enriched for endoderm. The cell populations of the invention are useful for generating cells for cell replacement therapy. The present invention further provides a method of generating hepatocytes, cell populations enriched for hepatocytes, and a method of hepatocyte replacement therapy.

The present disclosure provides a method for treating and/or ameliorating a lung injury or inflammation in the lung, and/or promoting polarization of macrophages in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering microRNA-7704 (miR-7704) or a composition comprising miR-7704 to the subject.

The present invention is drawn, in part, to biocompatible compositions comprising a biocompatible polymer matrix and conditioned cell medium comprising i) a cell culture medium and ii) one or more agents synthesized by and secreted from one or more cells cultured in the cell culture medium, as well as therapeutic uses thereof, particularly in modulating bone and/or gum tissue growth.

This invention provides a method for stably producing airway epithelial cells from pluripotent stem cells. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for producing airway epithelial cells from pluripotent stem cells comprising steps: (1) culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin A and a GSK3 inhibitor; (2) culturing the cells obtained in Step (1) in a medium containing a BMP inhibitor and a TGF inhibitor; (3) culturing the cells obtained in Step (2) in a medium containing BMP4, retinoic acid, and a GSK3 inhibitor; (5) subjecting the cells obtained after Step (3) to three-dimensional culture in a medium containing a GSK3 inhibitor, FGF10, and a ROCK inhibitor; and (6) subjecting the proximal airway epithelial progenitor cells obtained in Step (5) to three-dimensional culture in a medium containing a ROCK inhibitor.