Disclosed are compositions, in particular, organoid compositions, derived from more than one donor cell. Further disclosed are methods of making compositions, for example, organoid compositions, that comprise a differentiated cell population derived from more than one donor cell. Donor cells may include, for example, a precursor cell such as an embryonic stem cell or other precursor cell. The disclosed methods use synchronization conditions to produce a synchronized pooled-precursor cell population, which may then be differentiated into an organoid composition. Methods of using the compositions are also disclosed.

Provided herein are methods for obtaining populations of reprogrammed MO-homeostatic tolerogenic microglial cells. The methods include providing an initial population of monocytes, e.g., peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC), from a subject, and reprogramming the cells by maintaining the PBMC in culture ex vivo in the presence of a sufficient amount of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) for a time and under conditions sufficient for the cells to become M0-homeostatic tolerogenic microglia. Also provided are methods of use of these cells, e.g., for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with inflammation, e.g., Alzheimer's Disease (AD); Multiple Sclerosis (MS), e.g., progressive MS; and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Embodiments of the disclosure provide methods and compositions that facilitate cancer treatment including at least because they concern therapies that circumvent the tumor microenvironment. In specific embodiments, compositions are utilized for therapy that utilize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and/or engineered T cells that are protected from immunosuppression from the tumor microenvironment because they are engineered to have reduced or eliminated expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptor 2 and/or I-cell-Ig-and-ITIM-domain and/or CD7 genes.

Provided are a composition and method for inducing direct conversion from a somatic cell into a myeloid cell and use thereof, in which differentiation from a somatic cell into a myeloid cell can be efficiently induced through the expression of a single direct conversion inducer without undergoing the pluripotency stage of induced pluripotent stem cells, and thus, the composition can be widely used as an effective preventive and therapeutic agent for immune diseases.

The disclosure generally relates to methods for generating cardiac fibroblast cells from epicardial cardiac progenitor cells, populations of cardiac fibroblast cells and uses thereof.

The present disclosure relates to a neural ectodermal lineage cellular structure, and compositions and methods related thereto. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a geometrically isolated neural ectodermal lineage cellular structure (neuruloid) including spatially segregated neuroepithelial cells, sensory placodes, neural crest cells, and epidermal cells having radial organization around a lumen within the neuroepithelial cells. The disclosure also provides methods directed to forming the neural ectodermal lineage cellular structure. The disclosure also provides methods and platforms directed to the neural ectodermal lineage cellular structure.

Disclosed is a spheroid liver organoid comprising hepatic lineage cells such as human hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Also provided are methods of using spheroid liver organoids for applications related to drug screening and toxicity screening. In particular, spheroid liver organoids are useful for high-throughput screens to identify compounds having efficacy for treating liver disease.

A method for arterial endothelial-enhanced functional T cell generation is provided. In the method, arterial endothelial cells enhance functional T cell generation by promoting the generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells with T-lineage bias. The first stage of T cell differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is optimized, and it is found that hPSC-derived autologous arterial endothelial cells increase the T cell potential of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Moreover, the T cells generated by arterial endothelial cell priming share similar function to that of human peripheral blood T cells. hPSC-derived CD19-CAR-T cells have been verified to have tumor-killing effects both in vivo and in vitro. The established hPSC-T differentiation system would provide a valuable resource for chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy.

Provided are populations of cells enriched for MSC-derived cells that are: CD90.sup.+; CD105.sup.+; CD45.sup.−; as well as TIMP-1 secretion high, and MMP13 gene expression low. Such populations of cells are useful as medicaments in contexts where it is desired to make use of the trophic or immunosuppressive therapeutic effects of MSCs, but to avoid activity associated with the capacity of MSCs to undergo phenotypic differentiation. Populations of cells of the invention are useful in the treatment of a condition selected from the group consisting of: osteoarthritis; myocardial infarction; meniscus cartilage injury (such as torn meniscus); ligament injury (such as torn ligament); injuries to the skin; and soft tissue injury. They may also be used in treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of: haematological disease; graft-versus-host disease; and inflammatory disease.

An amplifying method of pancreatic cells is provided. The amplifying method includes performing digestion, resuspension, discontinuous density gradient centrifugation treatment and amplifying treatment sequentially. The mammalian pancreatic duct is used as the source of pancreatic precursor-like cells in the amplifying method, and islet cells and acinar cells in the cell clusters obtained by the discontinuous density gradient centrifugation treatment are removed. It is beneficial to improve the yield of the pancreatic precursor-like cells availably, and avoid the ethical restrictions and possible carcinogenic risks caused by using the embryonic stem cells. The amplifying medium used comprises a reprogramming substance composed of several small molecule compounds. It can avoid the risks of non-specific and off-target deletion that are easily caused by the use of the gene-editing methods to change the gene sequence. Also provided is a differentiation method and an application of the pancreatic precursor-like cells obtained by the amplifying method.