The present invention provides methods, cell cultures and differentiation media to promote differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to pancreatic endocrine cells of a mature phenotype. The resulting pancreatic endocrine cells express single hormonal insulin, PDX1, NKX6.1, and MAFA. In one or more differentiation stages, culturing may be carried out in a culture vessel at the air-liquid interface.

Disclosed herein are methods, compositions, kits, and agents useful for inducing cell maturation, and isolated populations of SC- cells for use in various applications, such as cell therapy.

Disclosed herein are methods, compositions, kits, and agents useful for inducing cell maturation, and isolated populations of SC- cells for use in various applications, such as cell therapy.

The methods and compositions as disclosed herein describe the making of mature stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for applications such as disease modeling, cardiotoxicity screening, drug screening and identification, among other uses. The methods involve physical and biochemical cues that promote a transition of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from a fetal phenotype to a more mature phenotype that more closely resembles that of adult cardiomyocytes.

The invention provides for methods of differentiating pancreatic endocrine cells into pancreatic beta cells expressing PDX1, NKX6.1, MAFA, UCN3 and SLC2A. These pancreatic beta cells may be obtained by step-wise differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. The pancreatic beta cells exhibit glucose-dependent mitochondrial respiration and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion similar to islet cells.

The present disclosure relates to a method for controlling the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes or kidney precursor cells by regulating SIRT1 (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog; sirtuin 1) expression, the method, which controls the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes by regulating SIRT1 expression, being capable of controlling the inhibition or promotion of adipocyte differentiation in accordance with the timing of a SIRT1 expression inhibitor treatment. Furthermore, kidney precursor cell differentiation can be regulated by a SIRT1 expression inhibitor or promoter treatment. Accordingly, a SIRT1 inhibitor can be selected to be used as an inhibitor or a therapeutic agent for obesity, diabetes accompanying obesity, and renal and metabolic diseases.

Disclosed herein are methods, compositions, kits, and agents useful for inducing cell maturation, and isolated populations of SC- cells for use in various applications, such as cell therapy.

The invention provides for methods of differentiating pancreatic endocrine cells into pancreatic beta cells expressing PDX1, NKX6.1, MAFA, UCN3 and SLC2A. These pancreatic beta cells may be obtained by step-wise differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. The pancreatic beta cells exhibit glucose-dependent mitochondrial respiration and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion similar to islet cells.

Methods for differentiating pluripotent stem cells to neuroectoderm in dynamic suspension culture using small molecule or protein inhibitors of TGF/Activin/Nodal signaling and BMP signaling are provided. Also provided are methods and protocols for differentiating pluripotent stem cells such as human embryonic stem cells first to neuroectoderm, then further to glial progenitor cells, and further to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), and compositions obtained thereby. The methods of the present disclosure reproducibly produce neuroectoderm progenitor cells by day 7 of the differentiation process, glial progenitor cells by day 21 of the differentiation process and OPCs by day 42 of the differentiation process.

Disclosed herein are methods, compositions, kits, and agents useful for inducing ? cell maturation, and isolated populations of SC-? cells for use in various applications, such as cell therapy.