Provided herein are methods of producing β cells and precursors thereof utilizing a Wnt signaling inhibitor or PKC activator, or both. Also provided herein are in vitro cultures comprising said cells, methods of treating a subject with a disease characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period of time by administering said cells, and devices for encapsulating said cells.

The present invention provides methods of producing, purifying and expanding mDA progenitor cells.

Provided are methods for generating γδ T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells. Also provided are genetically engineered iPSCs, γδ T cells, CAR-γδ T cells, and methods of using the same.

Provided herein are methods of producing β cells and precursors thereof utilizing a Wnt signaling inhibitor or PKC activator, or both. Also provided herein are in vitro cultures comprising said cells, methods of treating a subject with a disease characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period of time by administering said cells, and devices for encapsulating said cells.

A method for in vitro production of cartilage tissue, which includes the steps of: i) culturing chondrocytes on an adherent culture system in a dedifferentiation culture medium that activates Wnt signaling pathway to obtain chondrocytes with a morphology of fibroblastic-like cells; ii) culturing the fibroblastic-like chondrocytes on an adherent culture system in a redifferentiation culture medium that inactivates Wnt signaling pathway to obtain chondrocytes with full capacity to resynthesize hyaline matrix; and iii) culturing the chondrocytes obtained in step ii) in a three-dimensional culture system in induction/maturation culture medium that maintain the inactivation of Wnt signaling pathway. Also, the therapeutic uses and screening methods using the cartilage tissue thus produced.

A method for producing renal stromal cells, comprising a step (3) of culturing renal stromal precursors in a medium comprising a platelet derived growth factor receptor agonist to obtain renal stromal cells is provided as a technique for supplying renal stromal cells. This production method can further comprise a step (2) of inducing renal stromal precursors from neural crest cells, and a step (1) of culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium comprising a GSK3β inhibitor, a TGFβ inhibitor, and retinoic acid and/or a derivative thereof to induce neural crest cells.

The present invention relates to a method of culturing primitive macrophages from stem cells. Specifically, the method comprises contacting and incubating stem cells with a serum-free culture media comprising a GSK3 inhibitor to differentiate stem cells into cell of the mesoderm lineage, contacting and incubating cells of the mesoderm lineage with a culture media comprising DKK1 to differentiate the cells into the hematopoietic lineage, maturing the cells of the hematopoietic lineage and contacting and incubating these cells with a culture media comprising M-CSF to drive differentiation into primitive-like macrophages. The invention also relates to a primitive-like macrophage, use of the primitive-like macrophage and a kit when used in the method of the invention.

Methods for generating pre-oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (pre-OPCs) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from human pluripotent stem cells are provided using chemically-defined culture media that allow for generation of pre-OPCs and OPCs in as little as three days. Culture media, isolated cell populations and kits are also provided.

The present disclosure addresses IBD from the standpoint of inhibiting or ablating pathogenic mucosal stem cells cloned from defined regions of disease in the gastrointestinal tract. In the case of Crohn's disease, for example, isolation of those stem cells according to the methods of the present disclosure reveals a pattern of inflammatory gene expression in stem cells from the terminal ileum and colon that is epigenetically maintained despite months of continuous cultivation in the absence of immune or stromal cells, or of intestinal microbes. Superimposed on this distributed inflammatory phenotype is a differentiation defect that profoundly and specifically alters the mucosal barrier properties of the terminal ileum. The co-existence of diseased and normal stem cells within the same endoscopic biopsies of Crohn's disease patients implicates an epigenetically enforced heterogeneity among mucosal stem cells in the dynamics of this condition.

The invention disclosed herein generally relates to methods and systems for converting stem cells into specific tissue(s) or organ(s) through directed differentiation. In particular, the invention disclosed herein relates to methods and systems for promoting human self-organizing single-rosette spheroids (SOSRS), a type of brain organoid, comprising neuroepithelium having either a dorsal cell fate or a ventral cell fate formation from pluripotent stem cells.