Disclosed herein are synthetic leathers, artificial epidermal layers, artificial dermal layers, layered structures, products produced therefrom and methods of producing the same.

Provided are live, artificial, skin substitute products and methods of making and using the same, such as for wound treatment and compound testing, including compound testing for efficacy, toxicity, penetration, irritation and/or metabolism testing of drug candidates or compositions such as cosmetics. Described herein is an artificial mammalian skin substitute product, comprising: (a) optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, a first (hypodermis-like) layer comprising live mammalian adipocytes (e.g., induced pre-adipocytes) in a first hydrogel carrier; (b) a second (dermis-like) layer contacting or directly contacting the first layer and comprising live mammalian fibroblast cells and' live mammalian follicle dermal papilla cells in combination in a second hydrogel carrier; (c) a third (epidermis-like) layer contacting or directly contacting the second layer (i.e., on the opposite side thereof as the first layer, so that the second layer is sandwiched between the first and third layers when the first layer is present), the third layer comprising live mammalian keratinocytes and live mammalian melanocytes in combination in a third hydrogel carrier.

The invention relates to a process for the in vitro preparation of a dermal papilla equivalent from fibroblasts derived from the dermal papilla and/or from the connective tissue sheath; to a process for the in vitro preparation of a hair follicle equivalent by culturing proliferative epithelial cells on said dermal papillae thus obtained; to the in vitro dermal papilla and hair follicle equivalents produced by means of the abovementioned processes, and to the uses thereof for treating alopecia and for evaluating the effect of cosmetic, pharmaceutical or dermatological products.

The present invention relates to the field of stem cell biology, in particular the linage specific differentiation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells. Specifically described are methods to direct the lineage specific differentiation of hiPSC to sensitive neurons or neuronal fibers innervating the human skin, such as neural crest stem cells (NCPCs) and here called peripheral sensory neurons (PSNs) using novel culture conditions. It is also described a method for screening a biological agent in vitro. The PSNs obtained using the methods of the present invention are further contemplated for various uses including, but limited to, use in in vitro tests or disease modelling, such as drug discovery assays, cell therapy on a higher scale, detecting a range of skin irritants and other compounds of interest, for studying skin aging mechanism, and for producing a dermocosmetic product. Also, it is contemplated the use of ligands in vitro for checking the differentiation and/or activation of the PSN cells, produced by the method of the invention, and the PSN cells, produced by the method of the invention.

The invention relates to the use of germ cells for obtaining a micro hair follicle and to the use thereof for evaluating the effect of cosmetic, pharmaceutical or dermatological products and also for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of a state of reduced pilosity.

Methods of screening rinse-off personal care compositions can include the use of explant skin in combination with measurements for moisture and/or cell proliferation.

An in vitro skin equivalent includes at least one epidermis equivalent and at least one dermis equivalent, and further includes melanocytes constitutively producing melanin and fibroblasts.

A method for decellularization of a skin tissue according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step of preparing a skin tissue to be decellularized; a peeling preparation step of treating the skin tissue with a first solution containing trypsin; and a peeling step of removing subcutaneous fat from the skin tissue after the peeling preparation step.

Provided herein are methods and systems for bio-printing of three-dimensional organs and organoids. Also provided herein are bio-printed three-dimensional organs and organoids for use in the generation and/or the assessment of immunological products and/or immune responses. Also provided herein are methods and system for bio-printing three-dimensional matrices.

Provided herein are methods and systems for bio-printing of three-dimensional organs and organoids. Also provided herein are bio-printed three-dimensional organs and organoids for use in the generation and/or the assessment of immunological products and/or immune responses. Also provided herein are methods and system for bio-printing three-dimensional matrices.