Provided is an NK inhibitory molecule, which includes one or more NK inhibitory ligands, a transmembrane domain and a co-stimulatory domain, wherein the NK inhibitory ligand specifically binds to NK inhibitory receptors to inhibit the killing of NK cells against the engineered immune cells expressing the NK inhibitory molecule. Also provided is an engineered immune cell expressing the NK inhibitory molecule of the present invention, wherein the expression of at least one MHC-related gene is suppressed or silenced. Further provided is the use of the engineered immune cell in the treatment of cancers, infections or autoimmune diseases. Compared to the traditional engineered immune cells, the engineered immune cell can significantly inhibit the killing effect of NK cells in a subject, thereby reducing the risk of HvGD.

The present invention relates to a topical pharmaceutical preparation for treating an inflammatory skin condition, preferably a condition associated with ischemia, comprising a supernatant of a physiological solution obtainable by cultivating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or a subset thereof in a physiological solution free of PBMC-proliferating and PBMC-activating substances for at least 1 h.

The invention relates to compositions comprising NaturalKiller (NK) cells and γδ T cells, particularly for use in adoptive immunotherapy. The invention also provides method for preparing such compositions which comprises contacting a sample with an anti-TCR delta variable 1 (anti-Vδ1) antibody.

The present application relates to probiotic compositions, e.g., comprising at least one bacterial strain selected from: Streptococcus thermophiles, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, KE99, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, optionally wherein the at least one bacterial strain is either alive or sonicated.

A composition and a method for generating clinically safe NK cells derived from non-fully differentiated stem cells are provided. The non-fully differentiated stem cells are co-cultured with endogenous NK cells isolated from adipocyte-containing tissue to generate a high percentage of clinically safe NK cells, where anti-tumor activity of the clinically safe NK cells in vitro is similar to that of endogenous NK cells. Optimized Production of the clinically safe autologous NK cells from stem cells provides platform for treating cancer patients by applying an effective adoptive immunotherapy ranging from the early to terminal stages.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for detecting immune efficacy is provided, including: generating quantity percentages of the plurality of T cell subgroups in the lymphocytes and quantity percentages of the nature killer cell subgroups in the lymphocytes to obtain actual percentages of the plurality of T cell subgroups and actual percentages of the nature killer cell subgroups; and judging whether immune efficacy is normal according to the actual percentages of the plurality of T cell subgroups and the actual percentages of the nature killer cell subgroups. Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a method of treating a cancer of an individual by regulating an actual number of a total number of T cells or nature killer cells.

The present invention relates to an in vitro immune synapse system and a method of in vitro evaluating immune response using the same. The in vitro immune synapse system includes antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and at least one cell type of several specific T cell subtypes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), all of which is from a same individual of pigs. When a test sample is co-cultured in the in vitro immune synapse system for a given period, it can be determined that the test sample is immunogenic, immunostimulatory or not according to the immunization-related changes of these cells, thereby potentially replacing some kinds of animal experimentation.

The present invention relates to an in vitro immune synapse system and a method of in vitro evaluating immune response using the same. The in vitro immune synapse system includes antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and at least one cell type of several specific T cell subtypes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), all of which is from a same individual of pigs. When a test sample is co-cultured in the in vitro immune synapse system for a given period, it can be determined that the test sample is immunogenic, immunostimulatory or not according to the immunization-related changes of these cells, thereby potentially replacing some kinds of animal experimentation.

Systems, compositions, and methods for the treatment of a liver disorder is disclosed. The systems, compositions, and methods include use of activated T regulatory cells for alleviating, treating, or reducing a liver disorder. The T regulatory cells may be allogeneic T regulatory cells that may be present in an amount of about 510.sup.5 to 210.sup.6 cells. The liver disorder needing treatment may be hepatitis, cirrhosis, chronic liver disease, acute liver disease, or liver failure.

The present application relates to probiotic compositions, e.g., comprising at least one bacterial strain selected from: Streptococcus thermophiles, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, KE99, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, optionally wherein the at least one bacterial strain is either alive or sonicated.