This disclosure describes an adaptive NK cell, an isolated population of adaptive Natural Killer (NK) cells, a composition including an adaptive NK cell, and methods for producing, preparing, and using an adaptive NK cell or an isolated population or composition including an adaptive NK cell. The adaptive NK cells may be used to treat a viral infection or a tumor.

Various embodiments of the invention provide methods of treating diabetes and other glucose regulation disorders. In one embodiment, the method comprises removing L-cells from a donor, obtaining stem cells from a patient, and culturing the L-cells in the presence of the stem cells under conditions such that the stem cells differentiate into stem cell-derived L-cells (SCDLC). An amount of the SCDLC is introduced into the patient sufficient to cause a lowering of the patient's blood glucose level after ingestion of food. In another embodiment, the method comprises removing K-cells from a donor, obtaining stem cells from a patient, and culturing the K-cells in the presence of the stem cells under conditions such that the stem cells differentiate into stem cell-derived K-cells (SCDKC). An amount of the SCDKC is introduced into the patient sufficient to cause a lowering of the patient's blood glucose level after ingestion of food.

Various embodiments of the invention provide methods of treating diabetes and other glucose regulation disorders. In one embodiment, the method comprises removing L-cells from a donor, obtaining stem cells from a patient, and culturing the L-cells in the presence of the stem cells under conditions such that the stem cells differentiate into stem cell-derived L-cells (SCDLC). An amount of the SCDLC is introduced into the patient sufficient to cause a lowering of the patient's blood glucose level after ingestion of food. In another embodiment, the method comprises removing K-cells from a donor, obtaining stem cells from a patient, and culturing the K-cells in the presence of the stem cells under conditions such that the stem cells differentiate into stem cell-derived K-cells (SCDKC). An amount of the SCDKC is introduced into the patient sufficient to cause a lowering of the patient's blood glucose level after ingestion of food.

Provided are methods for isolating potent extracellular vesicle populations from mesenchymal stem cells. In particular, the present disclosure identified a protein profile specific for MSC-derived EV populations. Moreover, disclosed herein is the use of the isolated extracellular vesicles in treating a variety of diseases and conditions, including chronic or acute lung diseases such as pulmonary hypertension, ARDS and diseases and conditions characterized by vasculopathy, reduced angiogenesis, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, acute inflammation, fibrosis, or chronic inflammation.

[Summary]

The present invention relates to the establishment of a cell line having immune tolerance property using an optimal temperature profiling technique under a human body-like environment, and use thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for preparing trophoblast cells consecutively secreting and expressing HLA-G proteins; a method for preparing stem cells consecutively secreting and expressing HLA-G proteins; stem cells consecutively secreting and expressing HLA-G proteins, prepared by the aforementioned preparation method; a method for preparing a culture medium of stem cells consecutively secreting and expressing HLA-G proteins; a culture medium of stem cells consecutively secreting and expressing HLA-G proteins, prepared by the aforementioned preparation method; and an anti-aging or antioxidant composition comprising the culture medium as an active ingredient.

The novel trophoblast cell line and the stem cell line established in the present invention can exhibit immune tolerance property as they consecutively secret and express HLA-G proteins, and the culture medium of the stem cells contains a large amount of proteins capable of recovering various physiological functions and extracellular vesicles, and thus, the novel cell line or a culture medium thereof can be effectively used in various industries such as medicines and cosmetics.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent innate versions of T helper and cytotoxic T cells that differentiate from committed ILC precursors (ILCP). Still, how ILCP relate to mature tissue-resident ILCs remains unclear. ILCP that are present in the blood and all tested lymphoid and non-lymphoid human tissues were identified. Human ILCP fail to express the signature transcription factors (TF) and cytokine outputs of mature NK cells and ILCs but are epigenetically poised to do so. Human ILCP robustly generate all ILC subsets in vitro and in vivo. While human ILCP express RAR related orphan receptor C (RORC), circulating ILCP can be found in RORC-deficient patients that retain potential for EOMES.sup.+ NK cells, T-BET.sup.+ ILC1, GATA-3.sup.+ ILC2 and for IL-22.sup.+ but not for IL-17A.sup.+ ILC3. A model of tissue ILC differentiation (‘ILC-poiesis’) is proposed whereby diverse ILC subsets are generated in situ from ILCP in response to environmental stressors, inflammation and infection.

Transient MLLT3 overexpression in culture may be used to expand human HSCs in vitro, and thereby improve the efficiency and safety of HSC transplantation.

Provided herein are isolated exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Such isolated exosomes are substantially CT free of contaminants and are therapeutically active in treating various diseases (e.g., lung diseases such as BPD). The isolated MSC exosomes are identified by one or more protein markers described herein. Methods of purifying such MSC exosomes are also provided.

Improved hybrid neurovascular spheroids and methods for making the same are provided. In some embodiments of a method for making a hybrid neurovascular spheroid, the method includes i) propagating cortical cells to form a cortical spheroid; ii) propagating endothelial cells to form an endothelial spheroid; iii) propagating mesenchymal stem cells to form a mesenchymal cell culture; and iv) combining the cortical spheroid, endothelial spheroid, and mesenchymal spheroid under conditions to form the hybrid neurovascular spheroid.

Methods, kits and compositions for generating cancer stem cells are provided.