The present disclosure relates to stem cells derived from a pure chorionic trophoblast layer (chorionic trophoblast layer without villi, CT-V), which is a part of the tissues of the placenta, and cell therapy comprising same. Stem cells derived from a pure chorionic trophoblast layer according to the present invention exhibit uniform growth characteristic, and superb proliferation and differentiation characteristics compared to the conventional stem cells derived from the whole placenta, and particularly, exhibit excellent differentiation into cartilage cells, thus can be effectively used in cell therapy for treating cartilage damage, deficiency and such, and as a composition for tissue regeneration.

Disclosed are methods of selecting donors for production of anti-angiogenic vaccines in order to ensure maximal elicitation of immunity. In one embodiment, the invention teaches the purposeful mismatching of major and/or minor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) between the donor and recipient. In other embodiments the invention provides a system for generating a cell bank, said cell bank comprising different donor originals that are subsequently matched with recipients for optimal immune response. In another embodiment cells are transfected to induce immunogenicity, in some embodiments, transfected with allogeneic and/or syngeneic antigens.

Disclosed are methods for isolating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). More particularly, the present invention discloses methods for isolating endothelial progenitor cells that exhibit self-renewal and differentiation capacity. The isolated cellular population of the present invention is useful in a wide range of clinical and research setting including inter alia, the in vitro or in vivo generation of endothelial cells and the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of a range of conditions via the administration of these cells. Also facilitated is the isolation of endothelial progenitor cells for research purposes such as in vitro based screening systems for testing the therapeutic impact and/or toxicity of potential treatment or culture regimes to which these cells may be exposed to. The present invention also discloses methods for isolating mesenchymal stem cells, in particular mesenchymal stem cells of fetal and/or maternal origin. These cells are also useful in a range of in vitro and in vivo therapeutic, prophylactic and research applications.

Provided herein are methods of differentiating stem cells via modulating miR-124, and the differentiated cells thereby. Also provided herein are methods for the treatment of diseases using the differentiated cells.

A method of differentiating pluripotent stem cells into mesenchymal stem cells, a culture medium used in the method of differentiating pluripotent stem cells into mesenchymal stem cells and a method of performing tissue and organ regeneration by using the mesenchymal stem cells obtained by differentiation using the method of differentiating pluripotent stem cells into mesenchymal stem cells are provided. The method of differentiating pluripotent stem cells into mesenchymal stem cells comprises differentiating, completely under 3D suspension conditions, pluripotent stem cells into trophoblast-like cells using BMP4 and A8301, and then differentiating the trophoblast-like cells into mesenchymal stem cells. Neither of two differentiation processes needs passaging or replacement of a culture container.

A method of transforming human cells into mechanosensory hair cells (MHCs), such as inner hear hair cells in the cochlea and vestibular organs, can include: causing human Wharton's jelly cells (hWJCs) to increase expression of or biological function of HATH1 so as to transform the hWJCs into MHCs. The method can include; administering a nucleic acid that encodes HATH1 to the hWJCs; causing inhibited expression of or biological function of HES1 and/or HES5 in the hWJCs; administering a nucleic acid that inhibits HES1 and/or a nucleic acid that inhibits HES5 to the hWJCs; causing inhibited expression of or biological function of HES1 and/or HES5 in the WJCs by administering a nucleic acid that inhibits HES1 and/or a nucleic acid that inhibits HES5; nucleic acids are administered includes a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, and/or SEQ ID NO: 4.

The present disclosure relates to stem cells derived from the basal portion of the chorionic trophoblast layer (bCT), which is a part of the issues of the placenta, and cell therapy comprising same. Stem cells derived from the basal portion of the chorionic trophoblast layer according to the present invention exhibit uniform growth characteristic, and superb proliferation and differentiation characteristic as compared with the conventional stem cells derived from the full placenta or other tissues, and exhibit excellent tissue regeneration effect in an animal model, thus can be effectively used in cell therapy.

The instant disclosure relates to methods for converting mammalian definitive endoderm (DE) cells into specific tissue(s) or organ(s) through directed differentiation. In particular, the disclosure relates to formation of gastric fundus tissue and/or organoids formed from differentiated definitive endoderm.

The present disclosure provides a method for treating an inflammatory neurological disease comprising administering a population of cells enriched for STRO-1.sup.+ cells and/or progeny thereof and/or soluble factors derived therefrom.

The present invention relates to methods for deriving novel stem cells from the mammalian early neural plate.