A system for sampling and separating submicron-sized particles to detect the presence of an agent such as viruses in an environmental sample, which includes collecting means for collecting a sample suspected of containing submicron-sized particles from the environment, size separation means receiving the submicron-sized particles from the collecting means for separating the submicron-sized particles based on size into at least one size range, and a microscale particle counter adapted for counting the size separated submicron-sized particles received from the size separation means. The particle counter includes at least one cantilever each corresponding to submicron-sized particles of a particular size range, wherein the cantilever is deflectable from a first to a second position to permit passage of the submicron-sized particle therethrough, and wherein the corresponding deflection of the cantilever generates a count signal.

A method for the creation of a personalized vaccine. Multiple and varied antigens in conjunction with heat shock proteins (and other protein chaperones) are generated by ionized gas lysing coupled with the separation, concentration, and purification of these chaperone protein-antigen complexes (CPAC) using insulator-dielectrophorsis (i-DEP)-based devices. The ionized gas uniquely forms more and varied chaperone proteins and chaperone protein-antigen complexes (CPAC) than prior art mechanical, chemical, electric or other lysing techniques. These CPAC generated by the ionized gas lysis and separated by i-DEP are electrospray-encapsulated by a biodegradeable polymer at the nano particle level to further enhance these personalized vaccines for accelerated immune system uptake. For the first time, sterile eradication of infectious pathogens and cancer (known or unknown to exist in the host) can be accomplished with multiple personalized vaccine treatments.

Disclosed herein is a novel tool to associate protein cargo molecules to the inside and/or outside of a Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) virus-like particle (VLP). The novel tool being composed of a sulfamoylbenzamide (SBA) antiviral, linker, and protein.

A cell culture medium for culturing of fish cells, a method for culturing fish cells, and an oral vaccine for fish. The cell culture medium for culturing of fish cells preferably comprises serum obtained from adult fish, and at a concentration of 0.2% to 2%. The oral vaccine may comprise an inactivated iridovirus.