Anticancer virus particles are described. Anticancer virus particles are filamentous or rod-shaped plant virus particle containing an anticancer agent within the interior of the virus particle. The anticancer agent can be attached either covalently or non-covalently within the interior of the virus particle. A therapeutically effective amount of an anticancer virus particle can be administered to a subject identified as having cancer to provide a method of cancer treatment.

Anticancer virus particles are described. Anticancer virus particles are filamentous or rod-shaped plant virus particle containing an anticancer agent within the interior of the virus particle. The anticancer agent can be attached either covalently or non-covalently within the interior of the virus particle. A therapeutically effective amount of an anticancer virus particle can be administered to a subject identified as having cancer to provide a method of cancer treatment.

A method of treating cancer in a subject that includes administering to the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-cancer virus particle, the virus particle including a rod-shaped plant virus or virus-like particle and mitoxantrone (MTO) or analogs thereof, wherein the MTO is loaded into the interior channel of the rod-shaped plant virus particle.

Provided herein are veterinary viral vectors and vaccines based on genetically engineered Pichinde viruses that include three or more genomic segments. The first genomic segment includes a coding region encoding a Z protein and a coding region encoding a L RdRp protein. The second genomic segment includes a coding region encoding a nucleoprotein (NP) and the third genomic segment includes a coding region encoding a glycoprotein. At least one of the second and third genomic segments further includes a donor gene sequence encoding an adenovirus capsid protein in full length or any functional fragment thereof. Further provided are methods for using a reverse genetics system, and methods for producing an immune response against adenovirus or Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus (HEV) infection of a subject such as a turkey.

Provided herein is a method for stabilising a single stranded RNA (ssRNA) by encapsidation of the ssRNA with a tobamovirus coat protein to obtain a pseudovirion (PsV), the method comprising expressing a tobamovirus coat protein and the ssRNA comprising a tobamovirus encapsidation origin (OriA), wherein the expressed tobamovirus coat protein interacts with the OriA sequence on the ssRNA to initiate encapsidation of the ssRNA by the tobamovirus coat protein, thereby forming a pseudovirion. The PsVs produced according to the method can be used as a diagnostic control composition, where the ssRNA is a sequence detected by a molecular diagnostic assay. The pseudovirions may also be used as a vaccine to elicit an immune response in a subject, and in pharmaceutical compositions to be administered to a subject.

Provided are modified bacteria and derivatives thereof that express nucleotide sequence encoding an antigen of a viral family selected from the group comprising Retroviridae (e.g., HIV, including a HIV Fusion Peptide antigen), Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Arenaviridae, 5 Filoviridae, and/or Coronaviridae (e.g., an SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Peptide, and/or PEDV). In some embodiments, the bacterium has a reduced genome and induces an enhanced immune response against the viral antigen of interest when administered to a subject. In some embodiments, the viral (e.g., SARS-CoV, 10 SARS-CoV-2, PEDV, and/or HIV) antigen is expressed on a surface of a bacterium. Also provided are method for producing antibodies against viral antigens, vaccine compositions, methods for vaccinating subjects, methods for treating viral infections in subjects, and expression vectors for expressing viral antigens including but not limited to coronavirus (e.g., SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and/or PEDV) antigens and/or HIV antigens on the surface of reduced 15 genome bacteria.

The present invention relates, in general, to an HIV-1 vaccine and, in particular, to a B cell lineage-based vaccination protocol.

The present invention relates to liposomal vaccine compositions, methods for the manufacture thereof, and methods for the use thereof to stimulate an immune response in an animal. These compositions comprise dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC); either dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) or dimyristoyltrimethylammonium propane (DMTAP) or both DMPC and DMTAP; and at least one sterol derivative providing a covalent anchor for one or more immunogenic polypeptide(s) or carbohydrate(s).

The present invention provides multimeric protein complex comprising three polypeptides each comprising N- to C-terminally: (i) a receptor-binding domain (RBD) of an S1 subunit of an S protein of a coronavirus, (ii) optionally a S2 subunit of an S protein of a coronavirus; and (iii) a multimerization domain comprising a collagen-like region (CLR) of ficolin-2, wherein the multimerization domain enables the assembly of the polypeptides into a multimeric protein complex. The present invention further provides polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides of the multimeric protein complex, expression vectors, pharmaceutical compositions and uses of the multimeric protein complexes, such as a vaccine.

The present invention relates to an information provision method for examining active immunity. The present invention comprises (a) preparing a plurality of biological samples; (b) preparing a first reagent containing a vaccine antigen against SARS-CoV-2 or a protein antigen expressed by the vaccine, and a second reagent containing a protein derived from SARS-CoV-2 other than the antigen contained in the first reagent; c) preparing a plurality of mixed samples by mixing the biological samples with the reagents; d) preparing a plurality of detection reagents including a conjugate containing a signal generating means and an anti-interferon gamma antibody; (e) preparing a plurality of analyte samples by adding the detection reagent to the mixed sample; and (f) loading the analyte samples into a plurality of lateral flow cartridges and measuring signals from the cartridges using a signal detector.