A method of producing THB with improved efficiency is provided. Provided is a method of producing trihydroxybenzene (THB), the method comprising a step of heating a bacterial culture liquid comprising deoxy-scyllo-inosose (DOI) at a high temperature of no lower than 80° C. to obtain a product solution comprising trihydroxybenzene (THB).

A method of producing THB with improved efficiency is provided. Provided is a method of producing trihydroxybenzene (THB), the method comprising a step of heating a bacterial culture liquid comprising deoxy-scyllo-inosose (DOI) at a high temperature of no lower than 80° C. to obtain a product solution comprising trihydroxybenzene (THB).

Provided herein are biocatalysts and systems thereof for pterin-dependent enzymes and pathways and methods of making and using the same. Provided herein in some embodiments are biocatalysts having a pterin source and a pterin-dependent enzymatic pathway biologically coupled to the pterin source. Tetrahydrobiopterin (referred to herein as BH4 or BH 4) can be the pterin source. The BH4 can be synthesized by a tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis pathway. The tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis pathway can include a GTP cyclohydrase; a pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase; a sepiapterin reductase, and/or any combination thereof. The biocatalyst can further contain a pterin-dependent enzymatic pathway. The pterin-dependent enzymatic pathway can be amino acid mono-oxygenase, phenylalanine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, nitric oxide synthase, alkylglycerol monooxygenase, and/or any combination thereof.

Described are methods for producing cannabinoid prodrugs as well as methods for formulating such prodrugs in a pharmaceutically acceptable form and their use as therapeutic agents for treating diseases.

Provided is an enzyme useful for prenylation and recombinant pathways for the production of cannabinoids, cannabinoid precursors and other prenylated chemicals in a cell free system as well and recombinant microorganisms that catalyze the reactions.

Provided is an enzyme useful for prenylation and recombinant pathways for the production of cannabinoids, cannabinoid precursors and other prenylated chemicals in a cell free system as well and recombinant microorganisms that catalyze the reactions.

The invention refers to standardized plant extract from biomass of in vitro cultures of Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. (HR), containing bioactive compounds and their primary secondary metabolites, containing in weight %, as follows: organic acid from 4.0 to 6.0, fatty acids from 0.5 to 1.5, amino acids from 8.0 to 12.0, sterols from 0.5 to 1.0, free phenols from 3.0 to 6.0, sugars from 45 to 55, and polyphenols from 25.0 to 35.0, with a predominant myconoside content of 70% to 96% in the polyphenolic fraction, constituting 18% to 35% of the total extract, and to a composition containing the standardized extract and glycerol as well as to a method for the preparation of a standardized plant extract.

The method according this invention, along with its optimally chosen steps, specific conditions, parameters such as temperature, duration, stirring, light, growth factors, etc. achieves both maximum volumetric productivity of the target substances and myconoside, as well as stable productivity of the plant in vitro cultures and is a reliable efficient 24/7 continuous system for production of NPs.

Dependence on natural factors, limited availability and protection of HR rare wild plant populations are eliminated. The limitations posed by seasonality and slow HR growth are also avoided by developing a renewable, ecologically method. The developed method provides alternative, renewable and sustainable sources of raw plant material necessary to obtain the target extract. The resulting extract standardized in myconoside is especially valuable with its protective action on human health and can successfully be used with its pharmacological, cosmetic effects as well as in functional foods.

The disclosure relates to a method of making at least one serrulatane comprising contacting a terpene or a terpenoid substrate with at least one of a cis-prenyl transferase, a terpene synthase, and a cytochrome P45Q. The disclosure also relates to an expression system comprising one or more expression cassettes, each expression cassette comprising a promoter operably linked to a nucleic acid segment encoding at least one of: a cis-prenyl transferase, a terpene synthase, and a cytochrome P450. The disclosure also relates to a host cell comprising an expression system comprising one or more expression cassettes, each expression cassette comprising a promoter operably linked to a nucleic acid segment encoding at least one of: a cis-prenyl transferase, a terpene synthase, and a cytochrome P450.

The disclosure relates to a method of making at least one serrulatane comprising contacting a terpene or a terpenoid substrate with at least one of a cis-prenyl transferase, a terpene synthase, and a cytochrome P45Q. The disclosure also relates to an expression system comprising one or more expression cassettes, each expression cassette comprising a promoter operably linked to a nucleic acid segment encoding at least one of: a cis-prenyl transferase, a terpene synthase, and a cytochrome P450. The disclosure also relates to a host cell comprising an expression system comprising one or more expression cassettes, each expression cassette comprising a promoter operably linked to a nucleic acid segment encoding at least one of: a cis-prenyl transferase, a terpene synthase, and a cytochrome P450.

A method for the enzymatic conversion of a phenol substrate into a corresponding catechol product comprises the step of incubating the phenol substrate with a Ralstonia solanacearum tyrosinase enzyme, or a functional derivative thereof, in a reaction mixture, for a period of time sufficient to allow the enzyme convert at least some of the phenol substrate into the catechol product.