Described is a method for the production of isobutene from 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA comprising the steps of: (a) enzymatically converting 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA into 3-methylbutyric acid; and (b) further enzymatically converting the thus produced 3-methylbutyric acid into isobutene.

The conversion of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA into 3-methylbutyric acid can be achieved by first enzymatically converting 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA into 3-methyl butyryl-CoA and further enzymatically converting the thus produced 3-methylbutyryl-CoA into 3-methylbutyric acid. Alternatively, the conversion of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA into 3-methylbutyric acid can be achieved by first enzymatically converting 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA into 3-methylcrotonic acid and then further enzymatically converting the thus produced 3-methylcrotonic acid into 3-methylbutyric acid.

The present invention provides a Clostridium species comprising a non-native gene capable of expressing (R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-Co A dehydrogenase. Also provided is a method of producing (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid, or a salt thereof, and/or (R) 1,3-butanediol using such Clostridium.

The present invention provides a Clostridium species comprising a non-native gene capable of expressing (R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-Co A dehydrogenase. Also provided is a method of producing (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid, or a salt thereof, and/or (R) 1,3-butanediol using such Clostridium.

Process for extracting volatile fatty acids (VFA), organic molecules called precursors produced by microorganisms (M) in a fermentation reactor (2) by anaerobic fermentation (3) using fermentable biomass (1), said molecules being fermentative metabolites, comprising at least the following steps: a) selecting an extraction means (8) from extraction means that is, at least, insoluble in the fermentation medium and the processing conditions of which preserve the capacity of the microorganisms (M) present in the fermentation medium to produce the molecules, b) bringing the chosen extraction means (8) into contact (9) with the fermentation medium without interrupting the fermentation (3), c) recovering (12) the extracted molecules, at a pH lower than 4.5, by the extraction means (8) outside the fermentation reactor (2). The invention also relates to an installation for implementing the method.

Process for extracting volatile fatty acids (VFA), organic molecules called precursors produced by microorganisms (M) in a fermentation reactor (2) by anaerobic fermentation (3) using fermentable biomass (1), said molecules being fermentative metabolites, comprising at least the following steps: a) selecting an extraction means (8) from extraction means that is, at least, insoluble in the fermentation medium and the processing conditions of which preserve the capacity of the microorganisms (M) present in the fermentation medium to produce the molecules, b) bringing the chosen extraction means (8) into contact (9) with the fermentation medium without interrupting the fermentation (3), c) recovering (12) the extracted molecules, at a pH lower than 4.5, by the extraction means (8) outside the fermentation reactor (2). The invention also relates to an installation for implementing the method.

In various embodiments methods of preparing hydroxybutyryl 3-hydroxybutyrate and related compounds are provided along with methods of use thereof.

In various embodiments methods of preparing hydroxybutyryl 3-hydroxybutyrate and related compounds are provided along with methods of use thereof.

A Lactobacillus paracasei and uses thereof. The Lactobacillus paracasei has a deposit number of CGMCC No. 14813. The Lactobacillus paracasei can be used for increasing the amount of an organic acid in a raw material. The Lactobacillus paracasei can be used for fermenting the raw material, where the raw material can be selected from at least one of fruits, which can increase the content of the organic acid in a fermented product.

A Lactobacillus paracasei and uses thereof. The Lactobacillus paracasei has a deposit number of CGMCC No. 14813. The Lactobacillus paracasei can be used for increasing the amount of an organic acid in a raw material. The Lactobacillus paracasei can be used for fermenting the raw material, where the raw material can be selected from at least one of fruits, which can increase the content of the organic acid in a fermented product.

The present invention provides a microbiome microorganisms, microbial consortium, compositions and kits comprising the same and uses thereof.