The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial biocatalyst including a microbial organism having a 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (4-HB) biosynthetic pathway having at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding 4-hydroxybutanoate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, CoA-dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, or -ketoglutarate decarboxylase, wherein the exogenous nucleic acid is expressed in sufficient amounts to produce monomeric 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (4-HB). Also provided is a non-naturally occurring microbial biocatalyst including a microbial organism having 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (4-HB) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) biosynthetic pathways, the pathways include at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding 4-hydroxybutanoate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, CoA-dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate:CoA transferase, 4-butyrate kinase, phosphotransbutyrylase, -ketoglutarate decarboxylase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase or an aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase, wherein the exogenous nucleic acid is expressed in sufficient amounts to produce 1,4-butanediol (BDO). Additionally provided is a method for the production of 4-HB. The method includes culturing a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (4-HB) biosynthetic pathway including at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding 4-hydroxybutanoate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, CoA-dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase or -ketoglutarate decarboxylase under substantially anaerobic conditions for a sufficient period of time to produce monomeric 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (4-HB). Further provided is a method for the production of BDO. The method includes culturing a non-naturally occurring microbial biocatalyst, comprising a microbial organism having 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (4-HB) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) biosynthetic pathways, the pathways including at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding 4-hydroxybutanoate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, CoA-dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate:CoA transferase, 4-hydroxybutyrate kinase, phosphotranshydroxybutyrylase, -ketoglutarate decarboxylase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase or an aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase for a sufficient period of time to produce 1,4-butanediol (BDO). The 4-HB and/or BDO products can be secreted into the culture medium.

Provided are methods of inducing enzymes, and for treating cellulosic and lignocellulosic biomass with the enzyme.

A process for producing products containing organic salts from biodegradable feedstocks includes fermenting biodegradable feedstock using natural consortia of microorganisms to produce a first product stream comprising carboxylic acid salts, suspended solids and water; removing suspended solids from the first product stream to produce a second product stream comprising carboxylic acid salts; concentrating said second product stream to produce a third product stream and water; and further drying the third product stream to remove water and produce a fourth product stream comprising dry carboxylic acid salts.

A process for producing products containing organic salts from biodegradable feedstocks includes fermenting biodegradable feedstock using natural consortia of microorganisms to produce a first product stream comprising carboxylic acid salts, suspended solids and water; removing suspended solids from the first product stream to produce a second product stream comprising carboxylic acid salts; concentrating said second product stream to produce a third product stream and water; and further drying the third product stream to remove water and produce a fourth product stream comprising dry carboxylic acid salts.

The present disclosure relates to a method that includes utilizing a microorganism for the converting of a substrate to an acid contained in a mixture that includes the acid and water, maintaining a pH of the mixture to less than 5, and treating the mixture with a first stream comprising an organic.

The present disclosure relates to a method that includes utilizing a microorganism for the converting of a substrate to an acid contained in a mixture that includes the acid and water, maintaining a pH of the mixture to less than 5, and treating the mixture with a first stream comprising an organic.

A microorganism capable of fixing a carbon oxide and performing fermentation and its preparation method and use are provided, wherein the preparation method comprises: (a) providing a first parental strain which is able to fix a carbon oxide; (b) providing a second parental strain which is able to perform fermentation; (c) preparing a first protoplast and a second protoplast from the first parental strain and the second parental strain, respectively; (d) subjecting the first protoplast and the second protoplast to fuse to provide a fusant; and (e) incubating and selecting the fusant to obtain a target strain. The target strain is useful in the production of an organic compound such as an organic acid and an alcohol, and one embodiment of the target strain is Clostridium tyrobutyricum ITRI02001, deposited at German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen and Zellkulturen GmbH, DSMZ) under the accession number DSM 32077.

A microorganism capable of fixing a carbon oxide and performing fermentation and its preparation method and use are provided, wherein the preparation method comprises: (a) providing a first parental strain which is able to fix a carbon oxide; (b) providing a second parental strain which is able to perform fermentation; (c) preparing a first protoplast and a second protoplast from the first parental strain and the second parental strain, respectively; (d) subjecting the first protoplast and the second protoplast to fuse to provide a fusant; and (e) incubating and selecting the fusant to obtain a target strain. The target strain is useful in the production of an organic compound such as an organic acid and an alcohol, and one embodiment of the target strain is Clostridium tyrobutyricum ITRI02001, deposited at German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen and Zellkulturen GmbH, DSMZ) under the accession number DSM 32077.

A system optionally including a carbon oxide reactor. A method for carbon oxide reactor control, optionally including selecting carbon oxide reactor aspects based on a desired output composition, running a carbon oxide reactor under controlled process conditions to produce a desired output composition, and/or altering the process conditions to alter the output composition.

A system optionally including a carbon oxide reactor. A method for carbon oxide reactor control, optionally including selecting carbon oxide reactor aspects based on a desired output composition, running a carbon oxide reactor under controlled process conditions to produce a desired output composition, and/or altering the process conditions to alter the output composition.