A system optionally including a carbon oxide reactor. A method for carbon oxide reactor control, optionally including selecting carbon oxide reactor aspects based on a desired output composition, running a carbon oxide reactor under controlled process conditions to produce a desired output composition, and/or altering the process conditions to alter the output composition.

The invention relates to a method of cell culture where the cells are modified to reduce the level of synthesis of growth and/or productivity inhibitors by the cell. The invention also relates to a method of cell culture for improving cell growth and productivity, in particular in fed-batch culture of mammalian cells at high cell density. The invention further relates to a method of producing cells with improved cell growth and/or productivity in cell culture and to cells obtained or obtainable by such methods.

The invention relates to a method of cell culture where the cells are modified to reduce the level of synthesis of growth and/or productivity inhibitors by the cell. The invention also relates to a method of cell culture for improving cell growth and productivity, in particular in fed-batch culture of mammalian cells at high cell density. The invention further relates to a method of producing cells with improved cell growth and/or productivity in cell culture and to cells obtained or obtainable by such methods.

Provided is a Lactobacillus casei producing short-chain fatty acids in a high yield, a culture method therefor and an application thereof. Lactobacillus casei LC89 capable of producing short-chain fatty acids in a high yield is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on 5 Mar. 2018, with the accession number of CGMCC NO. 15409 and a classification name of Lactobacillus casei. Provided is a Lactobacillus casei producing short-chain fatty acids in a high yield, which is superior to the commercial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Also provided are a cultivation method therefor and an application thereof in the treatment of host inflammatory bowel diseases to achieve functions of supplementing probiotics to regulate the intestinal tract and alleviating host inflammatory bowel diseases.

Provided is a Lactobacillus casei producing short-chain fatty acids in a high yield, a culture method therefor and an application thereof. Lactobacillus casei LC89 capable of producing short-chain fatty acids in a high yield is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on 5 Mar. 2018, with the accession number of CGMCC NO. 15409 and a classification name of Lactobacillus casei. Provided is a Lactobacillus casei producing short-chain fatty acids in a high yield, which is superior to the commercial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Also provided are a cultivation method therefor and an application thereof in the treatment of host inflammatory bowel diseases to achieve functions of supplementing probiotics to regulate the intestinal tract and alleviating host inflammatory bowel diseases.

This disclosure provides methods for fermentation of sugar substrates by acid-tolerant bacteria for producing acetic and lactic acids, and methods for further processing of these products to obtain acetate and propionate biodegradable deicers. Methods are also disclosed on the use of acid tolerant bacteria to produce acetate and propylene glycol deicing compounds.

This disclosure provides methods for fermentation of sugar substrates by acid-tolerant bacteria for producing acetic and lactic acids, and methods for further processing of these products to obtain acetate and propionate biodegradable deicers. Methods are also disclosed on the use of acid tolerant bacteria to produce acetate and propylene glycol deicing compounds.

Biocatalytic conversion systems and methods of producing and using same that have improved yields are disclosed. The systems and methods involve co-fermentation of sugars and gaseous substrates for alcohol, ketone, and/or organic acid production. The systems and methods may include biocatalytically converting at least one sugar substrate into at least one of alcohol, at least one ketone, and/or at least one organic acid. The systems and methods may further include biocatalytically converting gases that comprise CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to at least one alcohol and/or at least one organic acid, thereby adding extra revenue to biorefineries.

Biocatalytic conversion systems and methods of producing and using same that have improved yields are disclosed. The systems and methods involve co-fermentation of sugars and gaseous substrates for alcohol, ketone, and/or organic acid production. The systems and methods may include biocatalytically converting at least one sugar substrate into at least one of alcohol, at least one ketone, and/or at least one organic acid. The systems and methods may further include biocatalytically converting gases that comprise CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to at least one alcohol and/or at least one organic acid, thereby adding extra revenue to biorefineries.

The present disclosure relates to a method that includes utilizing a microorganism for the converting of a substrate to an acid contained in a mixture that includes the acid and water, maintaining a pH of the mixture to less than 5, and treating the mixture with a first stream comprising an organic.