This disclosure describes methods that allow for the uncoupling of microbial growth from product formation, which allows for maximal use of raw material and optimal end-product formation.

The invention described herein presents compositions and methods for a multistep biological and chemical process for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon into organic chemicals including biofuels or other useful industrial, chemical, pharmaceutical, or biomass products. One or more process steps utilizes chemoautotrophic microorganisms to fix inorganic carbon into organic compounds through chemosynthesis. An additional feature described are process steps whereby electron donors used for the chemosynthetic fixation of carbon are generated by chemical or electrochemical means, or are produced from inorganic or waste sources. An additional feature described are process steps for recovery of useful chemicals produced by the carbon dioxide capture and conversion process, both from chemosynthetic reaction steps, as well as from non-biological reaction steps.

The invention described herein presents compositions and methods for a multistep biological and chemical process for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon into organic chemicals including biofuels or other useful industrial, chemical, pharmaceutical, or biomass products. One or more process steps utilizes chemoautotrophic microorganisms to fix inorganic carbon into organic compounds through chemosynthesis. An additional feature described are process steps whereby electron donors used for the chemosynthetic fixation of carbon are generated by chemical or electrochemical means, or are produced from inorganic or waste sources. An additional feature described are process steps for recovery of useful chemicals produced by the carbon dioxide capture and conversion process, both from chemosynthetic reaction steps, as well as from non-biological reaction steps.

A system optionally including a carbon oxide reactor. A method for carbon oxide reactor control, optionally including selecting carbon oxide reactor aspects based on a desired output composition, running a carbon oxide reactor under controlled process conditions to produce a desired output composition, and/or altering the process conditions to alter the output composition.

A system optionally including a carbon oxide reactor. A method for carbon oxide reactor control, optionally including selecting carbon oxide reactor aspects based on a desired output composition, running a carbon oxide reactor under controlled process conditions to produce a desired output composition, and/or altering the process conditions to alter the output composition.

Provided is a Lactobacillus casei producing short-chain fatty acids in a high yield, a culture method therefor and an application thereof. Lactobacillus casei LC89 capable of producing short-chain fatty acids in a high yield is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on 5 Mar. 2018, with the accession number of CGMCC NO. 15409 and a classification name of Lactobacillus casei. Provided is a Lactobacillus casei producing short-chain fatty acids in a high yield, which is superior to the commercial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Also provided are a cultivation method therefor and an application thereof in the treatment of host inflammatory bowel diseases to achieve functions of supplementing probiotics to regulate the intestinal tract and alleviating host inflammatory bowel diseases.

Provided is a Lactobacillus casei producing short-chain fatty acids in a high yield, a culture method therefor and an application thereof. Lactobacillus casei LC89 capable of producing short-chain fatty acids in a high yield is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on 5 Mar. 2018, with the accession number of CGMCC NO. 15409 and a classification name of Lactobacillus casei. Provided is a Lactobacillus casei producing short-chain fatty acids in a high yield, which is superior to the commercial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Also provided are a cultivation method therefor and an application thereof in the treatment of host inflammatory bowel diseases to achieve functions of supplementing probiotics to regulate the intestinal tract and alleviating host inflammatory bowel diseases.

This disclosure provides methods for fermentation of sugar substrates by acid-tolerant bacteria for producing acetic and lactic acids, and methods for further processing of these products to obtain acetate and propionate biodegradable deicers. Methods are also disclosed on the use of acid tolerant bacteria to produce acetate and propylene glycol deicing compounds.

This disclosure provides methods for fermentation of sugar substrates by acid-tolerant bacteria for producing acetic and lactic acids, and methods for further processing of these products to obtain acetate and propionate biodegradable deicers. Methods are also disclosed on the use of acid tolerant bacteria to produce acetate and propylene glycol deicing compounds.

Biocatalytic conversion systems and methods of producing and using same that have improved yields are disclosed. The systems and methods involve co-fermentation of sugars and gaseous substrates for alcohol, ketone, and/or organic acid production. The systems and methods may include biocatalytically converting at least one sugar substrate into at least one of alcohol, at least one ketone, and/or at least one organic acid. The systems and methods may further include biocatalytically converting gases that comprise CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to at least one alcohol and/or at least one organic acid, thereby adding extra revenue to biorefineries.