The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sourced from a process that produces hydrogen and fossil carbon dioxide from a fossil-fuel hydrocarbon and separates the fossil carbon dioxide from the hydrogen. The process may further comprise carrying out or arranging for one or more parties to carry out at least one step that contributes to a reduction in the GHG emissions of the biogenic carbon-based fuel, or a fuel made from the fuel intermediate, of at least 20% relative to a gasoline baseline. In various embodiments this includes (a) introducing the fossil carbon dioxide underground, and/or (b) using a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical and energy product produced from the non-fossil organic material to displace the use or production of a corresponding fossil-based product.

This disclosure relates to analyzing a fermentation process that occurs in a bioreactor. Such a fermentation process may involve microbes consuming a substrate, and producing various metabolites. A computing device may train and execute one or more machine learning models to analyze such a fermentation process. Such a machine learning model may be configured to determine a current fermentation state of such a fermentation process as one example. As another example, a machine learning model may be configured to predict metabolite production of a fermentation process based on historical fermentation data and a window of control decisions for the fermentation process.

Compositions and methods for a hybrid biological and chemical process that captures and converts carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon and/or CI carbon sources including but not limited to carbon monoxide, methane, methanol, formate, or formic acid, and/or mixtures containing CI chemicals including but not limited to various syngas compositions, into organic chemicals including biofuels or other valuable biomass, chemical, industrial, or pharmaceutical products are provided. The present invention, in certain embodiments, fixes inorganic carbon or CI carbon sources into longer carbon chain organic chemicals by utilizing microorganisms capable of performing the oxyhydrogen reaction and the autotrophic fixation of CO.sub.2 in one or more steps of the process.

A system optionally including a carbon oxide reactor. A method for carbon oxide reactor control, optionally including selecting carbon oxide reactor aspects based on a desired output composition, running a carbon oxide reactor under controlled process conditions to produce a desired output composition, and/or altering the process conditions to alter the output composition.

The invention relates to a process for the conversion of lignocellulose into an organic acid including an alkaline pretreatment step and a fermentation step, wherein liquid phase obtained in the fermentation step is recycled to the alkaline pretreatment step and/or the fermentation step. Organic acid is recovered as its magnesium of calcium salt from solid phase obtained in the fermentation step.

The invention relates to a process for the conversion of lignocellulose into an organic acid including an alkaline pretreatment step and a fermentation step, wherein liquid phase obtained in the fermentation step is recycled to the alkaline pretreatment step and/or the fermentation step. Organic acid is recovered as its magnesium of calcium salt from solid phase obtained in the fermentation step.

The invention relates to a method for producing salts of butyric acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, sorbic acid, fumaric acid, formic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, derivatives of said organic acids and mixtures thereof, comprising at least the successive steps of: •i) culturing a microorganism in an appropriate culture medium comprising a carbon source and a nitrogen source, during a sufficient time to obtain a fermentation broth comprising the organic acid(s); •ii) pre-treating said fermentation broth comprising at least clarification of the fermentation broth and separation of organic acids by evaporation of the clarified fermentation broth and then condensation of the volatile fraction containing organic acids (CVAF); •v) adding inorganic bases to said CVAF •vii) eliminating the remaining water of the CVAF, and recovering the organic acid salts.

The invention relates to a method for producing salts of butyric acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, sorbic acid, fumaric acid, formic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, derivatives of said organic acids and mixtures thereof, comprising at least the successive steps of: •i) culturing a microorganism in an appropriate culture medium comprising a carbon source and a nitrogen source, during a sufficient time to obtain a fermentation broth comprising the organic acid(s); •ii) pre-treating said fermentation broth comprising at least clarification of the fermentation broth and separation of organic acids by evaporation of the clarified fermentation broth and then condensation of the volatile fraction containing organic acids (CVAF); •v) adding inorganic bases to said CVAF •vii) eliminating the remaining water of the CVAF, and recovering the organic acid salts.

Efficient production of a carboxylic acid is provided by a method of producing a carboxylic acid, which includes the following steps (A) and (B): (A) filtering a carboxylic acid-containing fermentation broth by passing said fermentation broth through a nanofiltration membrane, to obtain a carboxylic acid-containing filtrate from the permeate side of the membrane; and (B) extracting the carboxylic acid from the carboxylic acid-containing filtrate obtained in the step (A) using an extraction solvent which undergoes phase separation with the filtrate, and collecting a carboxylic acid extract phase-separated from the aqueous phase.

Compositions and methods for a hybrid biological and chemical process that captures and converts carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon and/or CI carbon sources including but not limited to carbon monoxide, methane, methanol, formate, or formic acid, and/or mixtures containing CI chemicals including but not limited to various syngas compositions, into organic chemicals including biofuels or other valuable biomass, chemical, industrial, or pharmaceutical products are provided. The present invention, in certain embodiments, fixes inorganic carbon or CI carbon sources into longer carbon chain organic chemicals by utilizing microorganisms capable of performing the oxyhydrogen reaction and the autotrophic fixation of CO.sub.2 in one or more steps of the process.