There is provided a mixed culture of a first and second microorganism in an aqueous medium, wherein the first microorganism is an acetogenic microorganism capable of converting a carbon source comprising CO and/or CO.sub.2 to acetate and/or ethanol, the second microorganism is a non-acetogenic microorganism capable of metabolising acetate and/or ethanol and the first and second microorganisms are in a homogenous mixture and wherein the aqueous medium comprises oxygen. There is also provided a method of producing substituted and/or unsubstituted organic compounds using the mixed culture.

A method of producing lactic acid or a salt or an ester thereof, which includes incubating lignocellulosic hydrolysates in the presence of cells of an isolated strain of Thermoanaerobactor at a temperature above 70 degrees Celsius, wherein the Thermoanaerobactor comprises a 16S rDNA sequence at least 99% identical to the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 6, SEQ ID NO. 7, and SEQ ID NO. 8

A method of producing lactic acid or a salt or an ester thereof, which includes incubating lignocellulosic hydrolysates in the presence of cells of an isolated strain of Thermoanaerobactor at a temperature above 70 degrees Celsius, wherein the Thermoanaerobactor comprises a 16S rDNA sequence at least 99% identical to the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 6, SEQ ID NO. 7, and SEQ ID NO. 8

The present invention provides a method of reducing and controlling a hazardous substance in a process of high-value biological conversion of an urban organic waste. The method includes: 1) mixing a sludge, a first urban organic waste and an organic acid with water for acclimation to obtain an acclimatized sludge; 2) stage 1 of biological conversion: mixing the acclimatized sludge with a second urban organic waste to perform anaerobic culture; 3) stage 2 of biological conversion: adding nitrate and bacteria to continue anaerobic culture so as to obtain an organic acid. In the present invention, sludge microbes are acclimatized and then added to high-value chemicals such as acetic acid, propanoic acid and lactic acid prepared in biological conversion of the urban organic waste and then added with bacteria. Thus, by controlling pH value, microbe addition amount and nitrate concentration, the unfavorable effect of the antibiotics and heavy metal ions.

The present disclosure concerns a symbiotic combination of host cells engineered to produce a first metabolic product, for example a carbohydrate, and to convert the second metabolic product into a second metabolic product, for example an alcohol.

The present disclosure concerns a symbiotic combination of host cells engineered to produce a first metabolic product, for example a carbohydrate, and to convert the second metabolic product into a second metabolic product, for example an alcohol.

Embodiments disclosed herein provide methods for reducing microbiological contamination during the cheese making process. Inhibition of microbial outgrowth is achieved by introducing an inhibitor at low concentration during the cheese making process. The inhibitor composition inhibits microbial outgrowth of pathogenic microbes associated with the cheese making process and controls and/or eliminates spoilage microorganisms to prolong shelf-life and maintain quality of the final cheese product. The inhibitor composition may be added to the milk prior to curd formation, after curd formation but prior to setting, or both. The inhibitor composition may be used with both pasteurized and un-pasteurized cheeses.

Provided is a method of producing a target substance from a starting substance via an NADH-accumulating reaction pathway, the method comprising: incubating bacteria under an aerobic condition; and subsequently incubating the bacteria under an anaerobic condition in the presence of the starting substance and nitrate ion to produce the target substance.

Provided is a method of producing a target substance from a starting substance via an NADH-accumulating reaction pathway, the method comprising: incubating bacteria under an aerobic condition; and subsequently incubating the bacteria under an anaerobic condition in the presence of the starting substance and nitrate ion to produce the target substance.

Organic Anti-mold Bakery additive” is a natural mold inhibitory food additive which is produced by fermentation of grain flours like wheat or corn converted from the non-edible grade grains followed by downstream processing steps to extract the natural organic acids as preservative components and filter out all protein content. At a minimal dose of 0.3 to 0.5% will enhance the shelf life of bakery products by 25-30 days. The “microbial source” used for the production of this product is a bacterial consortium of three Propionibacterium strains, which were culturally modified by way of strain improvement through medium optimization experiments for product yield enhancement at the ‘in house R&D section’ of Prathista Industries Limited. The active ingredient in “Organic Anti-mold Bakery additive” is a combination of naturally produced organic salts, including propionates, lactates, acetates that have anti-mold properties along with flavor and texture improving efficiency for the finished product.