The present invention provides a process for obtaining n+a oxidation and reduction products from a mixture of n sugars selected from the group consisting of C5 and C6 sugars, wherein n is at least 2 and a is at least 1, wherein at least two of the sugars in the mixture are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other, wherein, in a first stage, at least one of the sugars which are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is oxidized enzymatically and, at the same time, at least one of the other sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is reduced enzymatically, and wherein, in the first stage, a portion of at least one of the sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is not converted, and which is characterized in that, in at least a second stage, at least a portion of the sugar not converted in the first stage is oxidized enzymatically by half and, respectively, is reduced enzymatically by the remaining half.

The present invention provides a process for obtaining n+a oxidation and reduction products from a mixture of n sugars selected from the group consisting of C5 and C6 sugars, wherein n is at least 2 and a is at least 1, wherein at least two of the sugars in the mixture are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other, wherein, in a first stage, at least one of the sugars which are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is oxidized enzymatically and, at the same time, at least one of the other sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is reduced enzymatically, and wherein, in the first stage, a portion of at least one of the sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is not converted, and which is characterized in that, in at least a second stage, at least a portion of the sugar not converted in the first stage is oxidized enzymatically by half and, respectively, is reduced enzymatically by the remaining half.

Systems and methods of making lactobionic acid are described. The systems include two-compartment cation bipolar electrodialysis assemblies having at least one cell that includes a cation ion-exchange membrane and a bipolar membrane. The membranes define the borders of a pair of flow channels for a separate (i) caustic stream and (i) purified lactobionic acid stream. Lactobionate ions in the lactobionic acid stream do not cross a membrane in the electrodialysis assembly, which reduces membrane fouling. The methods include passing a lactobionate salt through a two-compartment cation bipolar electrodialysis assembly. The electrodialysis assembly includes at least one two-compartment cation bipolar membrane cell, and separates the lactobionate salt into a caustic compound and the lactobionic acid. The assembly is designed so the lactobionate ions do not cross an ion exchange membrane in the assembly to form the lactobionic acid, which reduces membrane fouling.

The present invention relates to genetically modified bacteria and methods of optimizing genetically modified bacteria for the production of a metabolite.

The present invention relates to genetically modified bacteria and methods of optimizing genetically modified bacteria for the production of a metabolite.

The present invention relates to genetically modified bacteria and methods of optimizing genetically modified bacteria for the production of a metabolite.

A system for glucaric acid production includes (a) a first input selected from the group consisting of glucuronolactone, a disaccharide feedstock, a cleaved starch, a disaccharide, glucuronic acid, or a combination thereof. In addition, the system includes (b) a first catalyst system comprising a metal oxidation catalyst; (c) a first product; (d) a second input. Further, the system includes (e) a second catalyst system comprising an enzyme. Still further, the system includes (f) a second product comprising from about 50% to about 99% glucaric acid on a dry basis.

A system for glucaric acid production includes (a) a first input selected from the group consisting of glucuronolactone, a disaccharide feedstock, a cleaved starch, a disaccharide, glucuronic acid, or a combination thereof. In addition, the system includes (b) a first catalyst system comprising a metal oxidation catalyst; (c) a first product; (d) a second input. Further, the system includes (e) a second catalyst system comprising an enzyme. Still further, the system includes (f) a second product comprising from about 50% to about 99% glucaric acid on a dry basis.

The present invention relates to polypeptides which are galacturonate (GalA) reductase variants comprising at least one amino acid substitution at a position corresponding to K261 and/or R267. The present invention further relates to nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides and to host cells containing said nucleic acid molecules. The present invention further relates to a method for the production of L-galactonate (GalOA) and/or other bio-based compounds, comprising the expression of said nucleic acid molecules, preferably in said host cells. The present invention also relates to the use of the polypeptides, nucleic acids molecule or host cells for the production of L-galactonate (GalOA) and/or other bio-based compounds, and/or for the recombinant fermentation of biomaterial containing D-galacturonate (GalA).

The present invention relates to polypeptides which are galacturonate (GalA) reductase variants comprising at least one amino acid substitution at a position corresponding to K261 and/or R267. The present invention further relates to nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides and to host cells containing said nucleic acid molecules. The present invention further relates to a method for the production of L-galactonate (GalOA) and/or other bio-based compounds, comprising the expression of said nucleic acid molecules, preferably in said host cells. The present invention also relates to the use of the polypeptides, nucleic acids molecule or host cells for the production of L-galactonate (GalOA) and/or other bio-based compounds, and/or for the recombinant fermentation of biomaterial containing D-galacturonate (GalA).