The present invention relates to a mutated protein of FMO derived from Celeribacter sp. and a gene encoding the same, a vector comprising the gene, a recombinant cell transformed by the vector, a composition for producing indigo comprising them, and a method for increasing indigo production in the recombinant cell using the transformed recombinant cell.

The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a compound of formula VIIIa and salts forms of VIIIa where R.sup.c is an aryl sulfonic acid ##STR00001##

A space-bred seawater Spirulina H11 strain. The strain exhibits high growth rate, capacity of simultaneously accumulating high contents of phycocyanin, Spirulina polysaccharides and -carotene, and excellent adaptability to outdoor environment, thus can be used to produce high-quality Spirulina powders, phycocyanin, Spirulina polysaccharides, and -carotene-rich Spirulina oil.

The present invention relates to an optimized metabolic pathway design in P. pastoris. In particular, to a recombinant polycistronic expression construct for stable expression of multiple genes of interest in a yeast cell, preferably in P. pastoris.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is as defined herein, which is useful as an intermediate in the preparation of active pharmaceutical compounds.

The present disclosure provides engineered polypeptides having imine reductase activity, polynucleotides encoding the engineered imine reductases, host cells capable of expressing the engineered imine reductases, and methods of using these engineered polypeptides with a range of ketone and amine substrate compounds to prepare secondary and tertiary amine product compounds.

Provided are mucolytic compounds that are more effective, and/or absorbed less rapidly from mucosal surfaces, and/or are better tolerated as compared to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and DTT. The compounds are represented by compounds of Formula I which embrace structures (Ia)-(Ib): ##STR00001##
where the structural variables are as defined herein.

The invention provides compounds which are prodrugs of a JAK inhibitor agent for the targeted delivery of the JAK inhibitor to the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods of using the compounds to treat gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases, and processes and intermediates useful for preparing the compounds.

The invention provides a genetically modified bacterium for production of thiamine; where the bacterium is characterized by a transgene encoding a thiamine monophosphate phosphatase (TMP phosphatase having EC 3.1.3.-) as well as transgenes encoding polypeptides that catalyze steps in the thiamine pathway. The genetically modified bacterium is characterized by enhanced synthesis and release of thiamine into the extracellular environment. The invention further provides a method for producing thiamine using the genetically modified bacterium of the invention; as well as the use of the genetically modified bacterium for extracellular thiamine production.

Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for in vivo production or biosynthesis of metabolites in foreign cells using the combination of (i) one or more ferredoxin dependent enzyme(s) and (ii) a ferredoxin (Fd)/ferredoxin-NADP.sup.+ reductase (FNR) system. The ferredoxin dependent enzymes and the Fd/FNR system are from the same species or from a different but matching species.