The invention relates to a method of immobilising at least one RNA molecule onto a surface of a support comprising: i) providing a first support having a surface on which at least one DNA molecule is immobilised, wherein the DNA molecule encodes an RNA molecule and the encoded RNA molecule comprises a binding molecule; ii) providing a second support having a surface on which at least one binding partner for interacting with the binding molecule is immobilised; iii) arranging the first and second supports such that the surfaces displaying the immobilised molecules are in close proximity and substantially face each other, and contacting the DNA molecule immobilised on the surface of the first support with transcription reagents; and iv) carrying out a transcription reaction to generate the encoded RNA molecule, wherein the RNA molecule is directly immobilised onto the surface of the second support via an interaction between the binding molecule of the RNA molecule and the binding partner on the surface of the second support.

Provided herein are nanostructure-based sequencing methods and systems. Such methods and systems include contacting an immobilized RNA polymerase with a double-stranded target nucleic acid molecule under sequencing conditions, where the sequencing conditions include the presence of four nucleoside triphosphates, where one of the nucleoside triphosphates is present in a rate-limiting amount; detecting the movement of the target nucleic acid molecule and/or one or more nascent strand(s) through, on or over a nanostructure; repeating the contacting and detecting steps a plurality of times; and determining the sequence of the target nucleic acid molecule based, sequentially, on the presence or absence of a change in the movement in the presence of the at least one nucleoside triphosphate.

Provided herein are nanostructure-based sequencing methods and systems. Such methods and systems include contacting an immobilized RNA polymerase with a double-stranded target nucleic acid molecule under sequencing conditions, where the sequencing conditions include the presence of four nucleoside triphosphates, where one of the nucleoside triphosphates is present in a rate-limiting amount; detecting the movement of the target nucleic acid molecule and/or one or more nascent strand(s) through, on or over a nanostructure; repeating the contacting and detecting steps a plurality of times; and determining the sequence of the target nucleic acid molecule based, sequentially, on the presence or absence of a change in the movement in the presence of the at least one nucleoside triphosphate.

The present invention relates to a buffer system comprising a dicarboxylic acid or tricarboxylic acid or a salt thereof for synthesizing RNA molecules as well as a method of RNA in vitro transcription using this buffer system. The present invention also provides the use of this buffer system in RNA in vitro transcription and in the reduction or prevention of precipitates during RNA in vitro transcription.

The present invention relates to a buffer system comprising a dicarboxylic acid or tricarboxylic acid or a salt thereof for synthesizing RNA molecules as well as a method of RNA in vitro transcription using this buffer system. The present invention also provides the use of this buffer system in RNA in vitro transcription and in the reduction or prevention of precipitates during RNA in vitro transcription.

The present disclosure describes technologies that permit sensitive detection of nucleic acids of interest (i.e., nucleic acids whose nucleotide sequence is or includes a target sequence).

The present disclosure describes technologies that permit sensitive detection of nucleic acids of interest (i.e., nucleic acids whose nucleotide sequence is or includes a target sequence).

This invention relates to in vitro production of nucleic acids, particularly RNAs and specifically messenger RNAs (mRNA).

This invention relates to in vitro production of nucleic acids, particularly RNAs and specifically messenger RNAs (mRNA).

Modified nucleotides, such as α-phosphoseleno-nucleotides (dNTPαSe and NTPαSe), can be incorporated into nucleic acids by enzymatic processes in a similar manner as naturally occurring nucleotides. Altering the properties of modified nucleotides can alter the interaction between the nucleotide and the enzyme. Enzymatic incorporation of modified nucleotides may occur at a lower rate than for native nucleotides, and can significantly inhibit misincorporation of nucleotides into nucleic acids during enzymatic extension and/or polymerization processes.