The invention relates to a method of characterising a target polynucleotide using a single-stranded binding protein (SSB). The SSB is either an SSB comprising a carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) region which does not have a net negative charge or a modified SSB comprising one or more modifications in its C-terminal region which decreases the net negative charge of the C-terminal region.

The present disclosure relates to compounds comprising a negatively-charged polymer moiety which is capable of entering a nanopore and upon entering a nanopore in the presence of positive ions results in an increased flow of the positive ions through the nanopore. The present disclosure provides methods of preparing the compounds and for their use as nanopore-detectable tags, in particular, for nanopore-based nucleic acid detection and sequencing.

The present disclosure relates to compounds comprising a negatively-charged polymer moiety which is capable of entering a nanopore and upon entering a nanopore in the presence of positive ions results in an increased flow of the positive ions through the nanopore. The present disclosure provides methods of preparing the compounds and for their use as nanopore-detectable tags, in particular, for nanopore-based nucleic acid detection and sequencing.

A method of detecting an epigenetic DNA modification is described herein, the method comprising: attaching to DNA a labeling agent selective for the DNA modification; contacting an aqueous solution comprising the DNA with at least one addressable region on a surface of a substrate, wherein the addressable region comprises a positively charged substance capable of attaching the DNA to the surface, and the addressable region is surrounded by a hydrophobic region; and determining an amount of labeling agent in the addressable region. Further described herein is a kit comprising a substrate comprising discrete hydrophilic regions separated by a hydrophobic region, and a labeling agent selective for an epigenetic DNA modification; as well as an article of manufacture comprising a substrate comprising a discrete regions separated by a hydrophobic region, a positively charged substance and DNA attached thereto, the DNA comprising such a labeling agent.

A method of detecting an epigenetic DNA modification is described herein, the method comprising: attaching to DNA a labeling agent selective for the DNA modification; contacting an aqueous solution comprising the DNA with at least one addressable region on a surface of a substrate, wherein the addressable region comprises a positively charged substance capable of attaching the DNA to the surface, and the addressable region is surrounded by a hydrophobic region; and determining an amount of labeling agent in the addressable region. Further described herein is a kit comprising a substrate comprising discrete hydrophilic regions separated by a hydrophobic region, and a labeling agent selective for an epigenetic DNA modification; as well as an article of manufacture comprising a substrate comprising a discrete regions separated by a hydrophobic region, a positively charged substance and DNA attached thereto, the DNA comprising such a labeling agent.

Provided herein is a method of isolating cellular components from at least one region of interest in a planar tissue section.

Provided herein is a method of isolating cellular components from at least one region of interest in a planar tissue section.

Provided herein are Mycobacterium smegmatis porin nanopores, systems that comprise these nanopores, and methods of using and making these nanopores. Such nanopores may be wild-type MspA porins, mutant MspA porins, wild-type MspA paralog porins, wild-type MspA homolog porins, mutant MspA paralog porins, mutant MspA homolog porins, or single-chain Msp porins. Also provided are bacterial strains capable of inducible Msp porin expression.

Provided herein are Mycobacterium smegmatis porin nanopores, systems that comprise these nanopores, and methods of using and making these nanopores. Such nanopores may be wild-type MspA porins, mutant MspA porins, wild-type MspA paralog porins, wild-type MspA homolog porins, mutant MspA paralog porins, mutant MspA homolog porins, or single-chain Msp porins. Also provided are bacterial strains capable of inducible Msp porin expression.

The present disclosure provides methods and reagents for improving nanopore-based analyses of polymers. Specifically, the disclosure provides a method of analyzing a polymer that includes a polymer analyte that contains an end domain that has at least one charged moiety. The disclosure also provides a method of increasing the interaction rate between a polymer analyte and a nanopore, wherein the polymer analyte contains an end domain that has at least one charged moiety. The disclosure also provide compositions for use with the described methods, including adapter compositions that contain charged moieties, such as phosphate or sulfate groups, and that are configured to being linked to an polymer analyte domain.