Provided herein are Mycobacterium smegmatis porin nanopores, systems that comprise these nanopores, and methods of using and making these nanopores. Such nanopores may be wild-type MspA porins, mutant MspA porins, wild-type MspA paralog porins, wild-type MspA homolog porins, mutant MspA paralog porins, mutant MspA homolog porins, or single-chain Msp porins. Also provided are bacterial strains capable of inducible Msp porin expression.

The present invention is intended to provide a novel fluorescent labeled single-stranded nucleic acid, by which the background of an exciton oligomer can be further reduced and the novel use thereof. The present invention relates to a labeled single-stranded nucleic acid having at least two fluorescent atomic group pairs that exhibit an exciton effect. The labeled single-stranded nucleic acid is characterized in that the emission peak wavelength of one of the fluorescent atomic group pairs (fluorescent atomic group pair A) is shorter than the excitation peak wavelength of the other fluorescent atomic group pair (fluorescent atomic group pair B), and the fluorescent atomic group pairs A and B have a Frster resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect. This fluorescent labeled single-stranded nucleic acid is usable as a primer for amplifying a target nucleic acid or a probe to be hybridized with a target nucleic acid.

The present invention is intended to provide a novel fluorescent labeled single-stranded nucleic acid, by which the background of an exciton oligomer can be further reduced and the novel use thereof. The present invention relates to a labeled single-stranded nucleic acid having at least two fluorescent atomic group pairs that exhibit an exciton effect. The labeled single-stranded nucleic acid is characterized in that the emission peak wavelength of one of the fluorescent atomic group pairs (fluorescent atomic group pair A) is shorter than the excitation peak wavelength of the other fluorescent atomic group pair (fluorescent atomic group pair B), and the fluorescent atomic group pairs A and B have a Frster resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect. This fluorescent labeled single-stranded nucleic acid is usable as a primer for amplifying a target nucleic acid or a probe to be hybridized with a target nucleic acid.

The present disclosure relates to a monolayer graphene-based multiplex malaria diagnostic sensor. Specifically, a monolayer graphene-based sensor that is able to simultaneously detect the presence of different Plasmodium species, presence of drug-resistant Plasmodium species, and also the presence of a relevant polymorphism in a subject. The present disclosure also relates to a monolayer graphene-based sensor, method and kit for a rapid diagnosis of malaria using a non-invasive biological sample obtained from a subject, preferably in saliva or urine samples.

The present disclosure relates to a monolayer graphene-based multiplex malaria diagnostic sensor. Specifically, a monolayer graphene-based sensor that is able to simultaneously detect the presence of different Plasmodium species, presence of drug-resistant Plasmodium species, and also the presence of a relevant polymorphism in a subject. The present disclosure also relates to a monolayer graphene-based sensor, method and kit for a rapid diagnosis of malaria using a non-invasive biological sample obtained from a subject, preferably in saliva or urine samples.

The present disclosure relates to tagged nucleoside-5-oligophosphates having a positively charged polymer tag structure and components thereof. Such nucleoside-5-oligophosphates are useful, for example, in nanopore-based sequencing-by-synthesis applications. Also disclosed herein are nanopore constructs engineered to have additional negatively-charged moieties in the channel of the nanopore. Such nanopores can be useful, for example, for providing a repellant force against template and/or primer nucleic acids inserting into the pore during a nucleic sequence-by-synthesis process. The tagged nucleoside-5-oligophosphates and nanopores disclosed herein can be used together to provide nanopore-based nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis systems and processes having reduced background tag levels and improved throughput.

The present disclosure relates to tagged nucleoside-5-oligophosphates having a positively charged polymer tag structure and components thereof. Such nucleoside-5-oligophosphates are useful, for example, in nanopore-based sequencing-by-synthesis applications. Also disclosed herein are nanopore constructs engineered to have additional negatively-charged moieties in the channel of the nanopore. Such nanopores can be useful, for example, for providing a repellant force against template and/or primer nucleic acids inserting into the pore during a nucleic sequence-by-synthesis process. The tagged nucleoside-5-oligophosphates and nanopores disclosed herein can be used together to provide nanopore-based nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis systems and processes having reduced background tag levels and improved throughput.

Described herein are methods of purifying polynucleotides, e.g., imRNA and oligonucleotides, e.g., probes, primers and siRNA, using monolithic columns with immobilized ligands coupled to the monolithic column. Also described are monolithic columns for purifying polynucleotides from a sample; and methods of preparing such columns.

Described herein are methods of purifying polynucleotides, e.g., imRNA and oligonucleotides, e.g., probes, primers and siRNA, using monolithic columns with immobilized ligands coupled to the monolithic column. Also described are monolithic columns for purifying polynucleotides from a sample; and methods of preparing such columns.

A gold nanoparticle-based assay for the detection of a target molecule, such as Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA in serum samples, that uses positively charged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in solution based format. The assay has been tested on 74 serum clinical samples suspected of containing HCV RNA, with 48 and 38 positive and negative samples respectively. The developed assay has a specificity and sensitivity of 96.5% and 92.6% respectively. The results obtained were confirmed by Real-Time PCR, and a concordance of 100% for the negative samples and 89% for the positive samples has been obtained between the Real-Time PCR and the developed AuNPs based assay. Also, a purification method for the HCV RNA has been developed using HCV RNA specific probe conjugated to homemade silica nanoparticles. These silica nanoparticles have been synthesized by modified Stober method. This purification method enhanced the specificity of the developed AuNPs assay. The method can detect a target molecule, such as HCV RNA in serum, by employing modified silica nanoparticles to capture the target from a biological sample followed by detection of the captured target molecule using positively charged AuNPs. The assay is simple, cheap, sensitive and specific. Another aspect of the invention is anisotropic silver nanoparticles and methods of their use.