The present disclosure relates to method and systems for amplifying nucleic acid molecule and quantify amplification thereof, with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), through bulk heating a biological enzymatic reaction mixture in solution containing nucleic acid templates, polymerase enzyme, and chemically modified nanoparticles. The method and system may comprise quantify amplification by irradiating the biological enzymatic reaction mixture during an annealing and/or elongation steps with an ultraviolet (UV) light source.

A method including steps of (a) providing an array of sites, wherein each site comprises a mixture of different nucleic acid templates; (b) extending primers hybridized to the different nucleic acid templates at each of the sites with different nucleotide analogs having different reversible blocking moieties, respectively, thereby producing different primer extension products at each site; (c) detecting the different primer extension products to distinguish the different nucleotide analogs at each site; and (d) removing the different reversible blocking moieties from the primer extension products at each of the sites using a first treatment that is selective for a first of the different reversible blocking moieties and a second treatment that is selective for a second of the different reversible blocking moieties.

A method including steps of (a) providing an array of sites, wherein each site comprises a mixture of different nucleic acid templates; (b) extending primers hybridized to the different nucleic acid templates at each of the sites with different nucleotide analogs having different reversible blocking moieties, respectively, thereby producing different primer extension products at each site; (c) detecting the different primer extension products to distinguish the different nucleotide analogs at each site; and (d) removing the different reversible blocking moieties from the primer extension products at each of the sites using a first treatment that is selective for a first of the different reversible blocking moieties and a second treatment that is selective for a second of the different reversible blocking moieties.

A cartridge for digital real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) includes a microfluidic chamber, a well array, a CMOS photo sensor array and a PCB. The microfluidic chamber includes an inlet formed for injection of a liquid sample, the microfluidic chamber being capable of injection molding. The well array includes a plurality of microwells through which upper and lower portions are perforated and being attached to a lower surface of the microfluidic chamber. The CMOS photo sensor array is disposed below the well array to capture a response image of a sample filled in microwells of the well array. The PCB has a vent formed for vacuum processing of micro flow path formed in the microfluidic chamber, a space formed between the well array and the microfluidic chamber, and a microwell formed in the well array as the liquid sample is injected through the inlet.

A cartridge for digital real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) includes a microfluidic chamber, a well array, a CMOS photo sensor array and a PCB. The microfluidic chamber includes an inlet formed for injection of a liquid sample, the microfluidic chamber being capable of injection molding. The well array includes a plurality of microwells through which upper and lower portions are perforated and being attached to a lower surface of the microfluidic chamber. The CMOS photo sensor array is disposed below the well array to capture a response image of a sample filled in microwells of the well array. The PCB has a vent formed for vacuum processing of micro flow path formed in the microfluidic chamber, a space formed between the well array and the microfluidic chamber, and a microwell formed in the well array as the liquid sample is injected through the inlet.

Methods, apparatus, and processes which use Extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV) and/or soft X-ray wavelengths to read, image, edit, locate, identify, map, alter, delete, repair and sequence genes are described. An EUV scanning tool which allows high throughput genomic scanning of DNA, RNA and protein sequences is also described. A database which records characteristic absorption spectra of gene sequences is also described.

Methods, apparatus, and processes which use Extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV) and/or soft X-ray wavelengths to read, image, edit, locate, identify, map, alter, delete, repair and sequence genes are described. An EUV scanning tool which allows high throughput genomic scanning of DNA, RNA and protein sequences is also described. A database which records characteristic absorption spectra of gene sequences is also described.

A method for detecting a target nucleic acid comprising: forming a three-component association product by allowing the association of at least a nucleic acid molecule, a first nucleic acid probe having a first marker bound thereto, and a second nucleic acid probe having a second marker bound thereto; forming at least one covalent bond between the target nucleic acid molecule and the first nucleic acid probe and between the target nucleic acid molecule and the second nucleic acid probe; and binding the three-component association product to a solid phase carrier through the second marker; recovering the three-component association product bound to the solid phase carrier; releasing the first marker from the recovered three-component association product; and detecting the target nucleic acid molecule by detecting the free first marker.

A method for detecting a target nucleic acid comprising: forming a three-component association product by allowing the association of at least a nucleic acid molecule, a first nucleic acid probe having a first marker bound thereto, and a second nucleic acid probe having a second marker bound thereto; forming at least one covalent bond between the target nucleic acid molecule and the first nucleic acid probe and between the target nucleic acid molecule and the second nucleic acid probe; and binding the three-component association product to a solid phase carrier through the second marker; recovering the three-component association product bound to the solid phase carrier; releasing the first marker from the recovered three-component association product; and detecting the target nucleic acid molecule by detecting the free first marker.

A nucleic acid probe, a method of immobilizing the nucleic acid probe to a solid support and the solid support including the immobilized probes using UV light. The nucleic acid probe includes a terminus anchor chain portion, and a capture portion wherein the terminus anchor chain portion includes a sequence of at least 18 nucleotides composed of stretches of up to 5 nucleotides of base type X with intermediate nucleotide(s) of base type Cytosine (C) and optionally one nucleotide of base type Guanine (G) or a sequence with at least 90% similarity thereto, wherein each base type X independently of each other designate base type Thymine (T) or base type Uracil (U).