The invention provides systems and methods for determining patterns of modification to a genome of a subject by representing the genome using a graph, such as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with divergent paths for regions that are potentially subject to modification, profiling segments of the genome for evidence of epigenetic modification, and aligning the profiled segments to the DAG to determine locations and patterns of the epigenetic modification within the genome.

The invention provides systems and methods for determining patterns of modification to a genome of a subject by representing the genome using a graph, such as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with divergent paths for regions that are potentially subject to modification, profiling segments of the genome for evidence of epigenetic modification, and aligning the profiled segments to the DAG to determine locations and patterns of the epigenetic modification within the genome.

Disclosed herein are methods and devices for rapid assessment of whether a microorganism present in a sample is susceptible or resistant to a treatment.

Disclosed herein are methods and devices for rapid assessment of whether a microorganism present in a sample is susceptible or resistant to a treatment.

A random emulsification digital absolute quantitative analysis method includes: performing random emulsification processing on a system to be emulsified to obtain several isolated reaction zones or droplets; determining the total number and volume information of the various reaction zones or droplets, the presence of target molecules to be tested in the respective reaction zones or droplets, and the number of reaction zones or droplets which do not contain the target molecules by combining acquired target images comprising image regions corresponding to the amplified reaction zones or droplets, and analyzing the target images; and accurately calculating the volume information of the various reaction zones or droplets, the presence of the target molecules to be tested in the respective reaction zones or droplets, and the number of reaction zones or droplets which do not contain the target molecules, the total number of target molecules in a sample to be tested.

A random emulsification digital absolute quantitative analysis method includes: performing random emulsification processing on a system to be emulsified to obtain several isolated reaction zones or droplets; determining the total number and volume information of the various reaction zones or droplets, the presence of target molecules to be tested in the respective reaction zones or droplets, and the number of reaction zones or droplets which do not contain the target molecules by combining acquired target images comprising image regions corresponding to the amplified reaction zones or droplets, and analyzing the target images; and accurately calculating the volume information of the various reaction zones or droplets, the presence of the target molecules to be tested in the respective reaction zones or droplets, and the number of reaction zones or droplets which do not contain the target molecules, the total number of target molecules in a sample to be tested.

The present invention provides compositions, kits, and method for determining the levels of expression of human polyoma or papillomavirus species and RNA transcripts. These levels can be used for the prognosis of risk of developing virally-induced cancers. The ratio (R) between early and late transcripts is indicative of HPV infections associated with higher risk of developing genital neoplasia and cancer.

The present invention provides compositions, kits, and method for determining the levels of expression of human polyoma or papillomavirus species and RNA transcripts. These levels can be used for the prognosis of risk of developing virally-induced cancers. The ratio (R) between early and late transcripts is indicative of HPV infections associated with higher risk of developing genital neoplasia and cancer.

Nuclease activity can affect the methylation level and fragmentation of cfDNA. Certain levels of nuclease activity may be correlated with certain levels of methylation in certain regions. Methylation level in certain genomic regions can be analyzed to classify nuclease activity. Methylation statuses of different genomic regions compared to methylation statuses of other genomic regions can determine a level of a condition (e.g., a disease such as cancer or disorder) in a subject. Nuclease activity can be monitored through analysis of methylation statuses of different sites. The efficacy of a treatment can also be determined using methylation levels at certain genomic regions. The number of fragments from genomic regions that are hypomethylated or hypermethylated in a reference genome can be used to provide information (e.g., fractional concentration) on the sample itself. The size distribution of extrachromosomal circular DNA can also be used to analyze a biological sample. Systems are also described.

Nuclease activity can affect the methylation level and fragmentation of cfDNA. Certain levels of nuclease activity may be correlated with certain levels of methylation in certain regions. Methylation level in certain genomic regions can be analyzed to classify nuclease activity. Methylation statuses of different genomic regions compared to methylation statuses of other genomic regions can determine a level of a condition (e.g., a disease such as cancer or disorder) in a subject. Nuclease activity can be monitored through analysis of methylation statuses of different sites. The efficacy of a treatment can also be determined using methylation levels at certain genomic regions. The number of fragments from genomic regions that are hypomethylated or hypermethylated in a reference genome can be used to provide information (e.g., fractional concentration) on the sample itself. The size distribution of extrachromosomal circular DNA can also be used to analyze a biological sample. Systems are also described.