Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for performing a biological or chemical analysis of a sample using encoded functionalized optical tags. These optical tags can generate a unique spectral signature correlated with the identity of a probe bound to the optical tag, and a state of the interaction of the probe with an analyte. Also provided herein are methods of generating encoded functionalized optical tags.

Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for performing a biological or chemical analysis of a sample using encoded functionalized optical tags. These optical tags can generate a unique spectral signature correlated with the identity of a probe bound to the optical tag, and a state of the interaction of the probe with an analyte. Also provided herein are methods of generating encoded functionalized optical tags.

Methods of identifying homologous genomic sequences that may be present in a sample utilizing combinations of probes binding differently to genomic sequences from different organisms, arrays for distinguishing homologous genomic sequences, systems for distinguishing homologous genomic sequences, and bacteria binding probe molecules useful in the methods, arrays, and systems.

Methods of identifying homologous genomic sequences that may be present in a sample utilizing combinations of probes binding differently to genomic sequences from different organisms, arrays for distinguishing homologous genomic sequences, systems for distinguishing homologous genomic sequences, and bacteria binding probe molecules useful in the methods, arrays, and systems.

An expression vector, comprising a first reporter nucleic acid sequence operably linked to a first expression control sequence comprising a promoter; and a second reporter nucleic acid sequence operably linked to a second expression control sequence that comprises a response element that is activated or inactivated as one or more of the cells differentiate or dedifferentiate. Methods and kits for imaging and monitoring stem cells comprising the expression vector are also provided.

An expression vector, comprising a first reporter nucleic acid sequence operably linked to a first expression control sequence comprising a promoter; and a second reporter nucleic acid sequence operably linked to a second expression control sequence that comprises a response element that is activated or inactivated as one or more of the cells differentiate or dedifferentiate. Methods and kits for imaging and monitoring stem cells comprising the expression vector are also provided.

Compositions, kits, and methods are provided for the normalization of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Also provided are compositions, kits, and methods for multiplexing qPCR amplification of two or more target nucleic acids in the same well.

Compositions, kits, and methods are provided for the normalization of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Also provided are compositions, kits, and methods for multiplexing qPCR amplification of two or more target nucleic acids in the same well.

The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.

The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.