The present disclosure relates generally to novel methods for nucleic acid sequencing. Specifically, the invention relates to a liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) based technique for direct sequencing of RNA without cDNA. The technique allows one to simultaneously read an RNA sequence with single nucleotide resolution while determining the presence, type and location of a wide spectrum of RNA modifications.

The present disclosure relates generally to novel methods for nucleic acid sequencing. Specifically, the invention relates to a liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) based technique for direct sequencing of RNA without cDNA. The technique allows one to simultaneously read an RNA sequence with single nucleotide resolution while determining the presence, type and location of a wide spectrum of RNA modifications.

The present invention discloses genes and SNP markers significantly associated with lint percentage trait in cotton, and use thereof. The genes significantly associated with the lint percentage trait in cotton are genes Gh_D05G1124, Gh_D05G0313, and GhWAKL3. In the present invention, a CottonSNP63K gene array is used for genotyping, and genome re-sequencing data are analyzed to identify SNP markers significantly associated with the lint percentage trait in cotton. Moreover, the present invention also discloses use of the genes and SNP markers, which are significantly associated with the lint percentage trait in cotton, in cotton germplasm identification, breeding, or genetic diversity analysis.

Provided herein are methods and compositions to extract and enrich by, physical separation or amplification, relatively short nucleic acids from a nucleic acid composition containing a high background of longer nucleic acids (e.g., host or maternal nucleic acids; genomic nucleic acid and the like).

Provided herein are methods and compositions to extract and enrich by, physical separation or amplification, relatively short nucleic acids from a nucleic acid composition containing a high background of longer nucleic acids (e.g., host or maternal nucleic acids; genomic nucleic acid and the like).

A classification of a level of cancer in an organism is determined by analyzing a biological sample of the organism. The biological sample comprises clinically-relevant DNA and other DNA. At least some of the DNA is cell-free in the biological sample. An amount of a first set of DNA fragments from the biological sample corresponding to each of a plurality of sizes is measured. A first value of a first parameter is calculated based on the amounts of DNA fragments at the plurality of sizes. The first value is compared to a reference value. A classification of a level of cancer in the organism is determined based on the comparison.

A classification of a level of cancer in an organism is determined by analyzing a biological sample of the organism. The biological sample comprises clinically-relevant DNA and other DNA. At least some of the DNA is cell-free in the biological sample. An amount of a first set of DNA fragments from the biological sample corresponding to each of a plurality of sizes is measured. A first value of a first parameter is calculated based on the amounts of DNA fragments at the plurality of sizes. The first value is compared to a reference value. A classification of a level of cancer in the organism is determined based on the comparison.

There is provided a paper-based colorimetric sensor kit for quickly and simply diagnosing mercury in situ with a naked eye. The paper-based colorimetric sensor kit includes: a circular template for rolling circle amplification (RCA); a primer that does not hybridize to the circular template when a mercury ion is bonded to a primer that hybridizes to the circular template; a DNA polymerase; a sensing material kit including a nanoparticle probe labeled to a DNA coil formed in the circular template for RCA; and a radial chromatography paper.

There is provided a paper-based colorimetric sensor kit for quickly and simply diagnosing mercury in situ with a naked eye. The paper-based colorimetric sensor kit includes: a circular template for rolling circle amplification (RCA); a primer that does not hybridize to the circular template when a mercury ion is bonded to a primer that hybridizes to the circular template; a DNA polymerase; a sensing material kit including a nanoparticle probe labeled to a DNA coil formed in the circular template for RCA; and a radial chromatography paper.

The present invention discloses genes and SNP markers significantly associated with lint percentage trait in cotton, and use thereof. The genes significantly associated with the lint percentage trait in cotton are genes Gh_D05G1124, Gh_D05G0313, and GhWAKL3. In the present invention, a CottonSNP63K gene array is used for genotyping, and genome re-sequencing data are analyzed to identify SNP markers significantly associated with the lint percentage trait in cotton. Moreover, the present invention also discloses use of the genes and SNP markers, which are significantly associated with the lint percentage trait in cotton, in cotton germplasm identification, breeding, or genetic diversity analysis.