Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH), changes in other analyte concentration, and/or binding events associated with chemical processes relating to DNA synthesis.

The present application relates to methods of detecting a target nucleic acid molecule in a sample. The method includes providing a sample containing a target nucleic acid molecule and a capture oligonucleotide molecule. In one embodiment, the capture oligonucleotide molecule has (i) a length of 30-60 base pairs, (ii) a 4-8 base pair overhang on its 3′ end, (iii) a 5′ tail, (iv) a target-specific portion between the 3′ end and the 5′ tail, (v) a deoxy-adenosine diphosphate content of 40-50%, (vi) no deoxy thymidine phosphate in the 3′ end or the 5′ tail, and (vii) the 3′ end and the 5′ tail having an ATP content which is 40-50% of that of the capture oligonucleotide molecule. In another aspect of the method of detecting, certain reagents are coupled to a solid support. The present application also relates to compositions and kits useful in carrying out the methods of the present application.

The present application relates to methods of detecting a target nucleic acid molecule in a sample. The method includes providing a sample containing a target nucleic acid molecule and a capture oligonucleotide molecule. In one embodiment, the capture oligonucleotide molecule has (i) a length of 30-60 base pairs, (ii) a 4-8 base pair overhang on its 3′ end, (iii) a 5′ tail, (iv) a target-specific portion between the 3′ end and the 5′ tail, (v) a deoxy-adenosine diphosphate content of 40-50%, (vi) no deoxy thymidine phosphate in the 3′ end or the 5′ tail, and (vii) the 3′ end and the 5′ tail having an ATP content which is 40-50% of that of the capture oligonucleotide molecule. In another aspect of the method of detecting, certain reagents are coupled to a solid support. The present application also relates to compositions and kits useful in carrying out the methods of the present application.

The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions involving HCR reactions that involve initiators that are split into two or more parts. Effective HCR is dependent upon two or more of these split initiators being brought into proximity (e.g., via binding events mediated by a target) such that a full initiator is formed that is capable of triggering HCR signal amplification.

The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions involving HCR reactions that involve initiators that are split into two or more parts. Effective HCR is dependent upon two or more of these split initiators being brought into proximity (e.g., via binding events mediated by a target) such that a full initiator is formed that is capable of triggering HCR signal amplification.

A circuit comprising a substrate with sectors on the substrate is provided, each sector comprising clock and data lines, a controller in electrical communication with the clock and data lines, a counter bias line, an amplifier input line and nano-electronic measurement devices on the substrate. A source of each device is coupled to the counter bias line and a drain of each device is coupled to the amplifier input line to obtain an electrical signal on the drain, the identity of which is determined by electrical interaction between the device and a charge label. Each device drain is gated by a corresponding switch between an on state, in which the drain is connected to the amplifier input line, and an off state, in which the drain is isolated from the amplifier input line. The controller controls switch states responsive to clock signal line pulses and data input line data.

A circuit comprising a substrate with sectors on the substrate is provided, each sector comprising clock and data lines, a controller in electrical communication with the clock and data lines, a counter bias line, an amplifier input line and nano-electronic measurement devices on the substrate. A source of each device is coupled to the counter bias line and a drain of each device is coupled to the amplifier input line to obtain an electrical signal on the drain, the identity of which is determined by electrical interaction between the device and a charge label. Each device drain is gated by a corresponding switch between an on state, in which the drain is connected to the amplifier input line, and an off state, in which the drain is isolated from the amplifier input line. The controller controls switch states responsive to clock signal line pulses and data input line data.

This disclosure is related to a method of sequencing a single-stranded DNA using deoxynucleotide polyphosphate analogues and translocation of tags from incorporated deoxynucleotide polyphosphate analogues through a nanopore.

This disclosure is related to a method of sequencing a single-stranded DNA using deoxynucleotide polyphosphate analogues and translocation of tags from incorporated deoxynucleotide polyphosphate analogues through a nanopore.

Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH), changes in other analyte concentration, and/or binding events associated with chemical processes relating to DNA synthesis.