The present invention relates to electrochemical sensors for oligonucleotide detection. The sensors may feature a probe composition, e.g., an oligonucleotide and an indicator attached to a 5′ end of the probe, attached to a surface such as gold; and a back-filler additive bound to at least a portion space on the surface of the electrochemical sensor not occupied by the probe composition.

The present invention relates to electrochemical sensors for oligonucleotide detection. The sensors may feature a probe composition, e.g., an oligonucleotide and an indicator attached to a 5′ end of the probe, attached to a surface such as gold; and a back-filler additive bound to at least a portion space on the surface of the electrochemical sensor not occupied by the probe composition.

Branching phosphoramidite monomers and molecules having comb-like structures are disclosed and described. A branching phosphoramidite monomer having the structure ##STR00001##
is provided wherein R4 and R5 are independently —(O—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—).sub.n where n is 1-5 or —O—(CH.sub.2—).sub.n where n is 1-10, and R1, R2, and R3 are each one of dimethoxytrityl (DMT)—O—, levulinyl (Lev)—O—, and a phosphoramidite.

Branching phosphoramidite monomers and molecules having comb-like structures are disclosed and described. A branching phosphoramidite monomer having the structure ##STR00001##
is provided wherein R4 and R5 are independently —(O—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—).sub.n where n is 1-5 or —O—(CH.sub.2—).sub.n where n is 1-10, and R1, R2, and R3 are each one of dimethoxytrityl (DMT)—O—, levulinyl (Lev)—O—, and a phosphoramidite.

Provided herein is technology relating to detecting and identifying nucleic acids and particularly, but not exclusively, to compositions, methods, kits, and systems for detecting, identifying, and quantifying target nucleic acids with high confidence at single-molecule resolution.

Provided herein is technology relating to detecting and identifying nucleic acids and particularly, but not exclusively, to compositions, methods, kits, and systems for detecting, identifying, and quantifying target nucleic acids with high confidence at single-molecule resolution.

Methods for selecting a cancer patient for immunotherapy comprise establishing a total passenger gene mutation burden from a tumor of a cancer patient, generating a background distribution for the mutational burden of the tumor, normalizing the total passenger gene mutation burden against the background distribution, and categorizing the cancer patient as an immunotherapy responder when the total passenger gene mutation burden is greater than the mean of the background distribution. When the cancer patient is an immunotherapy responder, the patient may be administered an immunotherapy regimen that comprises activation/inhibition of T cell receptors that promote T cell activation and/or prolong immune cytolytic activities.

Described herein is a method for detecting an oligonucleotide in a sample, and in particular, to a method for detecting sense and antisense strands of an oligonucleotide duplex in a sample.

Described herein is a method for detecting an oligonucleotide in a sample, and in particular, to a method for detecting sense and antisense strands of an oligonucleotide duplex in a sample.

The disclosure provides novel methods, compositions, and kits that combine hybrid capture using short allele-specific probes with duplex molecular” barcoding and noise modeling within each sample to afford high accuracy sequencing of rare mutations at low cost.