The present disclosure relates to a composition including one or more modified nucleotide, wherein the modified nucleotide comprises a purine or pyrimidine base and a sugar moiety having a 3′-hydroxy blocking group, and a radical scavenger, wherein the composition is lyophilised. The present disclosure further relates to a composition including one or more functional protein; one or more functional protein activator; and one or more non-reducing sugar, wherein the composition is lyophilised. Also disclosed are methods of rehydration of one or more compositions described herein and kits including one or more compositions described herein. Further disclosed are cartridges including a flow cell comprising one or more reagent reservoirs, where the one or more reagent reservoirs include one or more compositions described herein.

The present disclosure relates to a composition including one or more modified nucleotide, wherein the modified nucleotide comprises a purine or pyrimidine base and a sugar moiety having a 3′-hydroxy blocking group, and a radical scavenger, wherein the composition is lyophilised. The present disclosure further relates to a composition including one or more functional protein; one or more functional protein activator; and one or more non-reducing sugar, wherein the composition is lyophilised. Also disclosed are methods of rehydration of one or more compositions described herein and kits including one or more compositions described herein. Further disclosed are cartridges including a flow cell comprising one or more reagent reservoirs, where the one or more reagent reservoirs include one or more compositions described herein.

A method of determining the result of an assay in a microfluidic device includes the steps of: dispensing a sample droplet onto a first portion of an electrode array of the microfluidic device; dispensing a reagent droplet onto a second portion of the electrode array of the microfluidic device; controlling actuation voltages applied to the electrode array to mix the sample droplet and the reagent droplet into a product droplet; sensing a dynamic property of the product droplet; and determining an assay of the sample droplet based on the sensed dynamic property. The dynamic property is a physical property of the product droplet that influences a transport property of the product droplet on the electrode array. Example dynamic properties of the product droplet include the moveable state, split-able state, and viscosity based on droplet properties. The method may be used to perform an amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay.

A method of determining the result of an assay in a microfluidic device includes the steps of: dispensing a sample droplet onto a first portion of an electrode array of the microfluidic device; dispensing a reagent droplet onto a second portion of the electrode array of the microfluidic device; controlling actuation voltages applied to the electrode array to mix the sample droplet and the reagent droplet into a product droplet; sensing a dynamic property of the product droplet; and determining an assay of the sample droplet based on the sensed dynamic property. The dynamic property is a physical property of the product droplet that influences a transport property of the product droplet on the electrode array. Example dynamic properties of the product droplet include the moveable state, split-able state, and viscosity based on droplet properties. The method may be used to perform an amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay.

An example of a sequencing kit includes a flow cell, an encapsulation matrix precursor composition, and a radical initiator. The flow cell includes a plurality of chambers and primers attached within each of the plurality of chambers. The encapsulation matrix precursor composition consists of a fluid, a monomer or polymer including a radical generating and chain elongating functional group, a radical source, and a crosslinker. The radical initiator is part of the encapsulation matrix precursor composition or is a separate component.

An example of a sequencing kit includes a flow cell, an encapsulation matrix precursor composition, and a radical initiator. The flow cell includes a plurality of chambers and primers attached within each of the plurality of chambers. The encapsulation matrix precursor composition consists of a fluid, a monomer or polymer including a radical generating and chain elongating functional group, a radical source, and a crosslinker. The radical initiator is part of the encapsulation matrix precursor composition or is a separate component.

Methods and apparatuses for performing Free-Running Synthesis (FRS) and library preparation steps (e.g., nanopore library preparation) on a cartridge using digital microfluidics (DMF) in a tabletop DMF driver/reader apparatus.

Methods and apparatuses for performing Free-Running Synthesis (FRS) and library preparation steps (e.g., nanopore library preparation) on a cartridge using digital microfluidics (DMF) in a tabletop DMF driver/reader apparatus.

Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in the concentration of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), hydrogen ions, and nucleotide triphosphates.

Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in the concentration of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), hydrogen ions, and nucleotide triphosphates.