Provided are a biological floc, a process for the preparation thereof and uses thereof in aquaculture, water purification, industrial water treatment, soil remediation and improvement, and sludge innocent treatment, wherein the biofloc comprises decomposed straw powder, a first microbial agent, a nitrifying bacteria and a denitrifying bacteria, wherein the first microbial inoculant comprises Bacillus subtilis and selective actinomycetes. The process for the preparation of the biological floc comprises firstly adding the microbial agent to the decomposed straw powder, and then successively adding the nitrifying bacteria and the denitrifying bacteria. Further provided is an organic bacterial fertilizer comprising sludge, a biological floc and fermenting bacteria.

Disclosed herein are compositions including cells of defined sets of microbial species (for example, 3, 16, 18, 19, 21, or 22 microbial species). Also disclosed are methods of using the microbial compositions that include contacting soil, plants, plant parts, or seeds with the composition. The microbial compositions are also used in methods of degrading biological materials, such as chitin-containing biological materials.

The present invention provides for a probiotic composition for enhancing a subject's, such as an insect's, resistance to a pesticide comprising: (a) a microorganism capable of expressing one or more enzymes for metabolizing the pesticide, and (b) at least one feed ingredient for a subject. The present invention also provides for a method for enhancing a subject's, such as an insect's, resistance to a pesticide comprising administering to a subject the probiotic composition.

The application provides an enzyme immobilization carrier and a preparation method thereof, an immobilized enzyme and a preparation method thereof. The above enzyme immobilization carrier is obtained by an amino modification or a cyanuric chloride modification of super-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol. The use of the enzyme immobilization carrier provided by the application may effectively improve the stability and reusability of the immobilized enzyme. Moreover, due to the use of the form of enzyme covalent linkage, compared with an embedding method, the preparation method is no need for chemical reagent immersion and the like, it is beneficial to maintain the own activity of the enzyme, and promote the immobilized enzyme to have the better activity while the stability and reusability are kept.

The invention is directed to a process for producing one or more fermentation product in a multi-stage process including an inoculation reactor and at least one bioreactor. The inoculation reactor is fed a C1-containing gaseous substrate containing a reduced amount of hydrogen. The hydrogen is reduced to increase the proportion of CO in the C1-containing gaseous substrate being provided to the inoculation reactor. The inoculation reactor ferments the CO-rich C1-containing gaseous substrate and produces an inoculum, which is fed to at least one bioreactor. The bioreactor receives the C1-containing gaseous substrate, which may or may not contain reduced amounts of hydrogen, to produce one or more fermentation product. By providing a CO-rich C1-containing gaseous substrate to the inoculation reactor, both the inoculation reactor and the subsequent bioreactor(s), are able to have increased stability and product selectivity.

The disclosure provides methods using mixed substrate cofeeding for bioproduct synthesis, which enables faster, more efficient, and higher yield carbon conversion in various organisms.

The present invention provides for a bio-nematocide for repairing damage to wood and related cellulosic products caused by nematodes.

There is provided an acetogenic microbial cell which is capable of producing at least one higher alcohol from a carbon source, wherein the acetogenic microbial cell is genetically modified to comprise an increased expression relative to its wild type cell of at least one enzyme, E.sub.8, a butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA transferase (cat3). There is also provided a method and use of the cell to produce higher alcohols.

There is described a method for producing polymeric 3-hydroxypropionamide (3HP amide), the method comprising: culturing an Acetobacter lovaniensis-bacterium in a growth medium containing phosphate and ammonium, wherein culturing of the bacterium produces polymeric 3HP amide. The polymeric 3HP amide may then be hydrolysed to 3HP amide or converted to other compounds of interest.

Microbial cell lines suitable for industrial-scale production of organic acids and methods of making and isolating such cell lines.