Various waste fractions from meat, gravy, and animal feed industries, that are difficult to recycle, as well as wastes, for example, from fishing and fish processing, are often challenging to separate for further processing into products. The hygienic and otherwise safe and economical utilization of these, consistent with ecologically sustainable development, requires the development of new methods. According to the method and apparatus of this invention, with the help of microbes and their enzymes, for example, bone and tissue waste, as well as protein, fat material or materials containing blood matte, that have been separated during meat processing, can be fractioned into new raw materials. Gained products can be, for example, energy fractions and gases, waxes and various organic fertilizers and soil improvement substances.

In the present invention, the influence by flora of the skin on dermatitis is examined by analyzing Tmem79-knockout model mice, and a bacterium having a suppressive effect on dermatitis is identified, and the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition derived from such a bacterium, containing as active components one or more substances selected from: (a) a bacterial cell of an ampicillin-sensitive bacterium, or a constituent component of the bacterium; (b) a culture supernatant of an ampicillin-sensitive bacterium, or a purified product from the culture supernatant; (c) an extract of an ampicillin-sensitive bacterium; and (d) a metabolite of an ampicillin-sensitive bacterium.

A method of treating a biofilm on a surface, comprising: providing a surface having a biofilm; and administering to the surface a treatment that reduces a concentration of pyruvate of the biofilm, comprising pyruvate produced by at least a portion the biofilm, under conditions effective reducing maintenance of the biofilm on the surface. A composition, comprising purified enzyme, within a particle, effective for reducing pyruvate concentration in an aqueous suspension of the composition.

The present disclosure describes topical formulations for the administration of probiotic skin bacteria and extracts or derivatives thereof. The present disclosure further describes methods and compositions for assuring the long-term storage and stability of said formulations.

The present invention is related to the field of reddening of food products. In particular the present invention relates to the preservation or optimization of nitrate reductase activity of frozen and/or dried lactic acid bacteria cultures or Micrococcaceae cultures (particularly cultures comprising one or more species of Staphylococcus having nitrate reductase activity).

The present invention provides anallergic compositions, including food products, comprising probiotic bacterial cultures including probiotic strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, and/or Staphylococcus.

The disclosure relates to composition and methods to treat dermatological diseases and disorders and to composition that modulate skin barrier permeability.

Methods for producing methane from algae, and particularly methods for producing methane from brown algae. The present methods can use a biomass of brown algae such as Hormophysa cuneiformis subjected to bacterial treatment to produce methane. The bacteria can comprise Aeromonas sobria and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The brown algae and bacteria can all be obtained from the Arabian Gulf.

A method of preparing a tobacco material for use in a smokeless tobacco product is provided, the method including receiving a tobacco material, wherein the tobacco material has not been subjected to a fermentation process, blending the tobacco material with the final moist snuff product ingredients to form a tobacco composition having a moisture content of at least about 50%, packaging the tobacco composition in a final product packaging such that after a fermentation period of 7 to 28 days within the final product packaging the product is ready for direct sale and consumption.

At least one isolated microorganism, which converts at least 10% by weight, and preferably 50% by weight, of cellulosic biomass to a lower alkyl alcohol by direct digestion, and which produces at least 4% by volume of the lower alkyl alcohol in an aqueous-based digestion medium.