Alcohol intoxication causes serious diseases, whereas current treatments are mostly supportive and unable to remove alcohol efficiently. Upon alcohol consumption, alcohol is sequentially oxidized to acetaldehyde and acetate by the endogenous alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively. We disclose a hepatocyte-mimicking antidote for alcohol intoxication through the co-delivery of the nanocapsules of alcohol oxidase (AOx), catalase (CAT), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) to the liver, where AOx and CAT catalyze the oxidation of alcohol to acetaldehyde, while ALDH catalyzes the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate. Administered to alcohol-intoxicated mice, the antidote rapidly accumulates in the liver and enables a significant reduction of the blood alcohol concentration. Moreover, blood acetaldehyde concentration is maintained at an extremely low level, significantly contributing to liver protection. Such an antidote, which can eliminate alcohol and acetaldehyde simultaneously, holds great promise for the treatment of alcohol intoxication and poisoning.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms containing butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate pathways comprising at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate pathway enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to produce butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate. The organism can further contain a hydrogen synthesis pathway. The invention additionally provides methods of using such microbial organisms to produce butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate by culturing a non-naturally occurring microbial organism containing butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate pathways as described herein under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate. Hydrogen can be produced together with the production of butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate.

This document relates to materials and methods for the production of protein. In one aspect, this document provides a nucleic acid construct including a first alcohol oxidase promoter element, wherein the first alcohol oxidase promoter element includes a mutation at one or more nucleotide positions corresponding to any of nucleotide positions 668-734 relative to SEQ ID NO: 28.

Provided herein are non-naturally occurring microbial organisms comprising a methane-oxidizing metabolic pathway. The invention additionally comprises non-naturally occurring microbial organisms comprising pathways for the production of chemicals. The invention additionally provides methods for using said organisms for the production of chemicals.

Provided herein are non-naturally occurring microbial organisms comprising a methane-oxidizing metabolic pathway. The invention additionally comprises non-naturally occurring microbial organisms comprising pathways for the production of chemicals. The invention additionally provides methods for using said organisms for the production of chemicals.

Methods for modifying therapeutic agents such as therapeutic biomolecules, such as proteins for improved oral, rectal or transmucosal delivery, as well as compositions made using such methods and methods of administering such compositions to a subject, are disclosed. Specifically, the therapeutic agents are conjugated to hyperbranched polymers (HBPs), such as hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG). When such conjugates are administered orally to a subject, the HBP protects the therapeutic agent from the acid environment of the stomach and protease attack in the gastro-intestinal tract, while facilitating the absorption of the therapeutic agent in the higher pH environment of the intestines. The methods and compositions are useful for the improved administration of a variety of therapeutic agents to a subject.

The present invention provides for a method for producing hydrogen peroxide comprising: (a) contacting a methanol with a methanol oxidase bound with a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor, such that the methanol is oxidized into a formaldehyde and the FAD cofactor is reduced into FADH.sub.2; (b) contacting the formaldehyde with the methanol oxidase or a formate oxidase bound with a FAD cofactor, such that the formaldehyde is oxidized into a formate and the FAD is reduced into FADH.sub.2; and (c) contacting oxygen with one or more of the FADH.sub.2 to produce hydrogen peroxide and oxidize FADH.sub.2 into FAD. The present invention also provides for a fusion protein comprising any two or all of methanol oxidase, formate oxidase, and formaldehyde dismutase.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms containing butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate pathways comprising at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate pathway enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to produce butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate. The organism can further contain a hydrogen synthesis pathway. The invention additionally provides methods of using such microbial organisms to produce butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate by culturing a non-naturally occurring microbial organism containing butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate pathways as described herein under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate. Hydrogen can be produced together with the production of butadiene or 2,4-pentadienoate.

Provided herein are compositions with enhanced protein content, proteins with high solubility, protein combinations and methods for the preparation thereof.

This disclosure describes enzymes from the type II (a discrete set of enzymes) fatty acid synthesis (FAS) pathway that can be used in combination with thiolases to operate a functional reversal of the -oxidation cycle. A combination of thiolases with one or more of 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (FabG, others), 3-hydroxyacyl-[acp] dehydratase (FabA, FabZ, others), and enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (FabI, FabK, FabL, FabV, others) yields a functional reversal of the -oxidation cycle. If only one or two enzymes are used, the remaining enzymes will be traditional beta oxidation enzymes. Once this cycle is coupled with the appropriate priming and termination pathways, the production of carboxylic acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, amines and their -, -, and -functionalized derivatives from renewable carbon sources can be achieved.